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However, its anti\u2010atherosclerotic property in genetically unmodified (wild\u2010type) male or female mice remains unknown.Five\u2010week\u2010old C57BL\/6J mice (half males and females) were divided into negative (fed a chow diet), positive (fed an atherogenic diet), or 5, 25, 50, 100, or 200\u00a0mg\/kg BW\/d of PCA (fed an atherogenic diet) groups. Oral gavage with PCA between 25\u2013100\u00a0mg\/kg BW\/d for 25 weeks significantly attenuated atherogenic diet\u2010induced plaque formation in a dose\u2010dependent manner, whereas the anti\u2010atherosclerotic efficiency of 200\u00a0mg\/kg BW\/d of PCA was comparable with that of 50\u00a0mg\/kg BW\/d. PCA did not affect serum lipids (total triglyceride, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol), pro\u2010inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor alpha, IL\u20101b, IL\u20106), oxidized LDL, and total antioxidant capacity, and acetylcholine or sodium nitroprusside\u2010induced aortic relaxation. Instead, PCA (\u226525\u00a0mg\/kg BW\/d) reduced macrophage accumulation and content of tumor necrosis factor alpha, superoxide, and 4\u2010hydroxynonenal within plaques, and inhibited monocyte adhesion to aortic endothelium in both male and female mice.PCA inhibits early atherosclerosis formation in both male and female C57BL\/6J mice with a \u201cU\u2010shaped\u201d dose\u2010response relationship, possibly by reducing inflammation burden and oxidative stress within atherosclerotic plaques.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.70447","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T06:07:09Z","timestamp":1774418829000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Inverted U\u2010Shaped Dose\u2010Response Curve of the Anti\u2010Atherosclerotic Effect of Protocatechuic Acid in Both Male and Female C57BL\/6J Mice"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Shasha","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health Sun Yat\u2010sen University (Northern Campus)  Guangzhou People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiuhui","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health Sun Yat\u2010sen University (Northern Campus)  Guangzhou People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yihan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health Sun Yat\u2010sen University (Northern Campus)  Guangzhou People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guanyu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health Sun Yat\u2010sen University (Northern Campus)  Guangzhou People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruxun","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health Sun Yat\u2010sen University (Northern Campus)  Guangzhou People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yihao","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health Sun Yat\u2010sen University (Northern Campus)  Guangzhou People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4388-7863","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dongliang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health Sun Yat\u2010sen University (Northern Campus)  Guangzhou People's Republic of China"},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Food Nutrition and Health  Guangzhou People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5334\/gh.1288"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199901143400207"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.121.319822"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.11.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R.Corder N. 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