{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T06:06:57Z","timestamp":1789538817493,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788134400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788134400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Molecular Nutrition Food Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    In this study, we investigated and compared the anticarcinogenic efficacy of plant\u2010derived \u03b1\u2010linolenic acid (P\u2010ALA) and marine\u2010derived \u03b1\u2010linolenic acid (M\u2010ALA) using MCF\u20107 breast cancer cell line and mammary gland carcinoma model induced by N\u2010methyl\u2010N\u2010nitrosourea (MNU). In vitro MTT assessment on ER+ MCF\u20107 cells exhibited significant cell viability with P\u2010ALA (IC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    5.57 \u00b5M) when compared with M\u2010ALA (IC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    5.91 \u00b5M) and tamoxifen (TAM) (IC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    9.16 \u00b5M). Mitochondrial\u2010mediated apoptosis with apoptotic changes were more evident after P\u2010ALA treatment when scrutinized using DAPI, JC\u20101, and AO\/EtBr staining. The P\u2010ALA (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &gt; 0.001***) and M\u2010ALA (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &gt; 0.001***) reversed the cachexia associated with MNU and positively restored lipid profiles (\u2193TG, \u2193LDL, \u2193VLDL, and \u2191HDL) (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &gt; 0.001***). ECG and HRV analysis showed that P\u2010ALA\u2010HD effectively restored autonomic functions. Lactate analysis P\u2010ALA\u2010HD significantly reduced lactate accumulation. Immunoblotting indicated upregulation of pro\u2010apoptotic (BAX; BAD and caspase\u20103 at\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &gt; 0.001***) and down\u2010regulation of Bcl\u20102 (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &gt; 0.001***). P\u2010ALA also inhibited lipogenesis (\u2193SREBP\u20101c and FASN\u2191;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &gt; 0.001***), glucose and lactate transport (GLUT\u20101\u2193, MCT\u20101 \u2193, and MCT\u20104\u2193 at\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &gt; 0.001***), hypoxic signaling (\u2193HIF\u20101\u03b1\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &gt; 0.001*** and \u2191PHD2\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &gt; 0.001***), and intrinsic mitochondrial apoptotic marker (VDAC\u20101\u2193\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &gt; 0.001***). P\u2010ALA demonstrated anticancer, lipid\u2010modulating, and cardioprotective that underscore the potential of P\u2010ALA as efficacious and sustainable therapeutic approach for management of breast cancer.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.70467","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T17:17:25Z","timestamp":1788196645000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Plant\u2010Based \u03b1\u2010Linolenic Acid as a Superior Nutraceutical to Modulates Apoptosis, Hypoxic Signaling, and Lipid Metabolic Pathway in Breast Cancer: A Comparative Preclinical Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Anurag","family":"Kumar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University)  Lucknow Uttar Pradesh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pratibha","family":"Verma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University)  Lucknow Uttar Pradesh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikam Siddhant","family":"Rahul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University)  Lucknow Uttar Pradesh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gaurav","family":"Kaithwas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University)  Lucknow Uttar Pradesh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1280296"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s43094\u2010024\u201000667\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/735158"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prostaglandins.2018.02.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40001\u2010023\u201001203\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MOL.0000000000000862"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.113.071324"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2024.06.053"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10787\u2010010\u20100033\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","first-page":"932","article-title":"Anti\u2010inflammatory, Analgesic and Antipyretic Activities of Linum Usitatissimum L. 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