{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T07:04:17Z","timestamp":1785308657113,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784764800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":22,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Molecular Nutrition Food Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Exposure to di\u2010(2\u2010ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) adversely affects the reproductive system.\n                    <jats:italic>Agardhiella subulata<\/jats:italic>\n                    extracts are known for their antioxidant and hepatoprotective properties, yet their effects against DEHP\u2010induced testicular toxicity remain unclear. This study investigated the extraction, characterization, and protective effects of\n                    <jats:italic>A. subulata<\/jats:italic>\n                    sulfated polysaccharide (ASP) against DEHP\u2010induced testicular damage. Autoclave\u2010assisted extraction yielded 40.4% ASP. Chemical and structural characterization using HPLC and NMR identified ASP as a sulfated carrageenan predominantly composed of \u03b2\u2010Gal4S and DA2S, with minor impurities. In mice exposed to DEHP (200\u00a0mg\/kg\/day) for 10 weeks, ASP treatment (50 or 200\u00a0mg\/kg\/day via oral gavage) significantly improved testicular weight, sperm count, and motility, while alleviating seminiferous tubule atrophy and germinal epithelium degeneration. ASP attenuated oxidative stress by normalizing MDA, SOD, and GSH levels. Mechanistically, ASP activated the Nrf2\/HO\u20101 antioxidant signaling pathway, suppressed caspase\u20103 and caspase\u20108 expression, reduced inflammation, and enhanced steroidogenesis by increasing stAR and 3\u03b2\u2010HSD expression and serum testosterone levels. Overall, these findings demonstrate that ASP effectively mitigated DEHP\u2010induced testicular toxicity through antioxidant, anti\u2010apoptotic, anti\u2010inflammatory, and steroidogenic mechanisms. These findings suggest that ASP is a promising natural agent for protecting against DEHP\u2010induced reproductive toxicity and improving testicular function. Thereby supporting SDG goals 3, 12, and 15.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.70548","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T07:38:59Z","timestamp":1784792339000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Characterization, Analysis, and Alleviating Effects of Sulfated Polysaccharides Derived From\n                    <i>Agardhiella subulata<\/i>\n                    on Di\u2010(2\u2010Ethylhexyl) Phthalate\u2010Induced Testicular Toxicity in Mice"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Pitchurajan Krishna","family":"Perumal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Seafood Science National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology  Kaohsiung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Choirul","family":"Anwar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Seafood Science National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology  Kaohsiung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu\u2010Chen","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Seafood Science National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology  Kaohsiung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pei\u2010Pei","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Seafood Science National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology  Kaohsiung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ching\u2010Shu","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Seafood Science National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology  Kaohsiung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics8040115"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2021.111215"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tox.22559"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.137216"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.117811"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14715\/cmb\/2025.71.4.4"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22084131"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D4FO04271A"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2025.124621"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.131915"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13197\u2010023\u201005914\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.43189"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.algal.2025.104366"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.70280"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2022.105226"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2013.08.071"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","first-page":"275","article-title":"Determination of Total Carbohydrates In Algal Biomass","volume":"303","author":"Van Wychen S.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Golden, Colorado: National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Contract"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2023.128583"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.algal.2023.102986"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/bios13030378"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2015.11.100"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2116\/analsci.21.1177"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodhyd.2021.106779"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eep\/dvab004"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357\u2010024\u201001119\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.115798"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1104016"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2025.117655"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","unstructured":"F. 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