{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T06:28:16Z","timestamp":1787120896183,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785196800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785196800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Molecular Nutrition Food Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Evaluate the effect of chitosan supplementation with structured lifestyle changes on health factors and gut microbiota in females with obesity following an interdisciplinary rehabilitation program. In this randomized, double\u2010blind, placebo\u2010controlled trial (NCT04551365), 33 Icelandic females with obesity (BMI 30.0\u201354.1\u00a0kg\/m\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) received 3\u00a0g\/day of LipoSan Ultra chitosan (TRG,\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 18) or placebo (PLG,\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 15) for 12 weeks, alongside structured lifestyle changes. Clinical, anthropometric (DXA), and functional data were collected at baseline (T1) and post\u2010intervention (T3). Gut microbiota (16S rRNA) data were collected at T1, T2 (2 weeks), T3, and T4 (2 weeks post\u2010intervention). Structured lifestyle interventions increased lean mass, grip strength, endurance, and self\u2010rated health, while reducing body fat mass and mean arterial pressure across BMI groups. Participants with BMI \u2265\u00a040\u00a0kg\/m\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    showed decreased microbiota diversity over time. Chitosan supplementation was linked to a reduction in the\n                    <jats:italic>Firmicutes\/Bacteroidota<\/jats:italic>\n                    ratio, although no differentially abundant taxa were identified (ANCOM\u2010BC2). Structured lifestyle interventions improved body composition and physical function, independently of weight loss. Chitosan supplementation modulated gut microbiota composition. Interpretation of subgroup and gut microbiota findings is constrained by the study size. Future studies should investigate long\u2010term effects and stratify outcomes by BMI to better evaluate chitosan's therapeutic potential.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.70558","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T06:40:31Z","timestamp":1785307231000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effect of Chitosan Supplementation and Lifestyle Changes on Health and Gut Microbiota in Icelandic Females With Obesity"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Thelma R\u00fan","family":"R\u00fanarsd\u00f3ttir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition School of Health Sciences University of Iceland  Reykjav\u00edk Iceland"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine School of Health Sciences University of Iceland  Reykjav\u00edk Iceland"},{"name":"Reykjalundur Rehabilitation Center  Mosfellsb\u00e6r Iceland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sigurlaug","family":"Sk\u00edrnisd\u00f3ttir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Matis Ltd.  Reykjav\u00edk Iceland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hildur","family":"Thors","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reykjalundur Rehabilitation Center  Mosfellsb\u00e6r Iceland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hj\u00f6rd\u00eds","family":"Har\u00f0ard\u00f3ttir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reykjalundur Rehabilitation Center  Mosfellsb\u00e6r Iceland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karla F.","family":"Corral\u2010Jara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Matis Ltd.  Reykjav\u00edk Iceland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra M.","family":"Klonowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Matis Ltd.  Reykjav\u00edk Iceland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00de\u00f3rhallur Ingi","family":"Halld\u00f3rsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition School of Health Sciences University of Iceland  Reykjav\u00edk Iceland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Gu\u00f0j\u00f3nsd\u00f3ttir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine School of Health Sciences University of Iceland  Reykjav\u00edk Iceland"},{"name":"Reykjalundur Rehabilitation Center  Mosfellsb\u00e6r Iceland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) 2021 [updated 1 June 2025] https:\/\/www.who.int\/news\u2010room\/fact\u2010sheets\/detail\/cardiovascular\u2010diseases\u2010%28cvds%29."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization Diabetes 2024 [updated 1 June 2025] https:\/\/www.who.int\/health\u2010topics\/diabetes."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32129-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization Obesity and overweight. World Health Organization; 2024 [updated 1 March 2024; cited 20 November 2025] https:\/\/www.who.int\/news\u2010room\/fact\u2010sheets\/detail\/obesity\u2010and\u2010overweight."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(20)31404\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.23110"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2011.2214"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2010.06.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","first-page":"42","article-title":"A Randomized, Double\u2010blind, Placebo\u2010controlled Study Examining the Effects of a Rapidly Soluble chitosan Dietary Supplement on Weight Loss and Body Composition in Overweight and Mildly Obese Individuals","volume":"4","author":"Schiller R. N.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of the American Nutraceutical Association"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12937\u2010016\u20100122\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021\u20109150(99)80720\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.70137"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13098\u2010025\u201001681\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","unstructured":"M.Haahr \u201cTrue Random Number Service. Random.org \u201d (1998) Accessed 17 January 2024 https:\/\/www.random.org\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021\u20109681(72)90027\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. STEPwise Approach to Surveillance (STEPS)(World Health Organization 2008)."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467\u2010789X.2011.00952.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afr051"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1615\/CritRevPhysRehabilMed.v8.i1\u20102.50"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00150314"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00008483\u2010200103000\u201000005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","first-page":"1146","volume-title":"Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology","author":"Hall J. E.","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0189190"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0168\u20108510(90)90421\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2013.04.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0b013e318160d093"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.13746"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.12611"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","volume-title":"R Package Version 0.6.0. Comprehensive R Archive Network (CRAN)","author":"Kassambara A.","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3001968"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","volume-title":"vegan: Community Ecology Package R Package Version 2.6\u201010","author":"Oksanen J.","year":"2025"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jhn.13087"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.598920"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12506"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12480"}],"container-title":["Molecular Nutrition &amp; Food Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mnfr.70558","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/mnfr.70558","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mnfr.70558","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T05:49:01Z","timestamp":1787118541000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/mnfr.70558"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"15","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/mnfr.70558"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mnfr.70558","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1613-4125","1613-4133"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1613-4125","type":"print"},{"value":"1613-4133","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-01-09","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-07","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-28","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70558"}}