{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T06:18:06Z","timestamp":1787897886408,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787011200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":17,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Molecular Nutrition Food Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Bee Bread (BB), a fermented bee product rich in antioxidant compounds, exerts protective effects against diabetes\u2010associated small intestinal damage. This study investigated the effects of BB on small intestinal morphology, mucosal integrity, and antioxidant enzyme activity in streptozotocin (STZ)\u2010induced diabetic rats. Forty\n                    <jats:italic>Wistar albino<\/jats:italic>\n                    rats were randomly divided into five groups: control, sham (50\u00a0mg\/kg sodium citrate), diabetes (DM; 50\u00a0mg\/kg STZ), BB (100\u00a0mg\/kg), and Diabetes\u00a0+\u00a0Bee Bread (DM+BB). After 15 days, intestinal tissues were examined using histopathological, immunohistochemical (IHC), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses. Diabetic rats exhibited hyperglycemia (363.63\u00a0\u00b1\u00a014.64\u00a0mg\/dL vs. 97.25\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.71\u00a0mg\/dL in controls at day 15;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001), weight loss, villus elongation, epithelial desquamation, and mucosal disorganization. BB supplementation reduced blood glucose levels (approximately 15%\u201316% in the DM+BB group), attenuated weight loss, and preserved small intestinal architecture, with significant differences in villus length among groups (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). Mn\u2010SOD immunoreactivity showed no significant differences among groups (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0&gt;\u00a00.05), although redistribution was observed in diabetic tissues. CAT immunoreactivity remained weak and unchanged across groups. SEM analysis confirmed improved villus architecture and preserved goblet cell morphology following BB treatment. BB attenuated diabetes\u2010induced small intestinal injury and preserved intestinal mucosal architecture, findings that may be associated with localized adaptive redox responses.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.70565","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T05:54:55Z","timestamp":1787118895000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Bee Bread Protects Small Intestinal Mucosa and Modulates Local Redox Responses in Streptozotocin\u2010Induced Diabetic Rats"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Ebru Karadag","family":"Sari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Department of Histology and Embryology Kafkas University  Kars T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Buket","family":"Bak\u03b9r","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Department of Histology and Embryology Tekirda\u011f Nam\u0131k Kemal University  Tekirda\u011f T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S\u00fckran Yediel","family":"Aras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences Department of Midwifery Kafkas University  Kars T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sevda Elis","family":"Y\u03b9ld\u03b9z","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences Department of Midwifery Kafkas University  Kars T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arzu","family":"Gezer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vocational School of Health Services Atat\u00fcrk University  Erzurum T\u00fcrkiye"},{"name":"Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences Pharmaceutical Research and Development Atat\u00fcrk University  Erzurum T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics9110811"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2017.10.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","first-page":"79","article-title":"Bee\u2010Pollen Structure Modification by Physical and Biotechnological Processing: Influence on the Availability of Nutrients and Bioactive Compounds","volume":"43","author":"Zuluaga C.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chemical Engineering Transactions"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(16)00618\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100\u201069912010000100008"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","first-page":"91","article-title":"Free Radicals, Antioxidants, Diseases and Phytomedicines: Current Status and Future 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