{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T06:28:07Z","timestamp":1787120887741,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785888000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024YFE0111400"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024YFE0111400"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Molecular Nutrition Food Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease closely associated with gut microbiota dysbiosis. Amid growing interest in microbial\u2010derived therapeutics, postbiotics, defined as preparations of nonliving microorganisms and\/or their components conferring host benefits, have emerged as candidates. However, the immunomodulatory potential of\n                    <jats:italic>Bifidobacteria<\/jats:italic>\n                    postbiotics in RA remains unexplored. This study investigated the effects of heat\u2011killed\n                    <jats:italic>Bifidobacterium longum<\/jats:italic>\n                    ZFML0012 (HK\u2011\n                    <jats:italic>B. longum<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) on RA and its underlying mechanisms using in vitro and in vivo models. In LPS\u2010induced cells, HK\u2010\n                    <jats:italic>B. longum<\/jats:italic>\n                    significantly suppressed the expression of pro\u2010inflammatory cytokines such as\n                    <jats:italic>IL\u20101\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>TNF\u2010\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    while promoting the anti\u2010inflammatory factor\n                    <jats:italic>IL\u201010<\/jats:italic>\n                    . In collagen\u2010induced arthritis (CIA) mice, it reduced arthritis scores, joint swelling, and bone erosion. Mechanistically, HK\u2010\n                    <jats:italic>B. longum<\/jats:italic>\n                    remodeled gut microbiota, increased SCFAs (acetate and butyrate), and particularly upregulated the immunomodulatory metabolite L\u2010Glutamine in both gut and serum. In vitro experiments confirmed that L\u2010Glutamine inhibited TNF\u2011\u03b1\u2011induced inflammation, abnormal proliferation, and migration in MH7A synovial cells. Meanwhile, HK\u2011\n                    <jats:italic>B. longum<\/jats:italic>\n                    regulated the T helper cell 17\/Regulatory T cell (Th17\/Treg) immune imbalance, modulated local inflammatory factors, and restored the osteoprotegerin\/receptor activator of nuclear factor\u2011\u03baB ligand (OPG\/RANKL) ratio in joints. These findings provide new evidence for using postbiotics to alleviate RA through gut\u2013joint axis regulation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.70566","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T08:27:21Z","timestamp":1785918441000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Heat\u2010Killed\n                    <i>Bifidobacterium longum<\/i>\n                    ZFML0012 Alleviates Rheumatoid Arthritis via Gut\u2013Joint Axis Regulation: Remodeling Microbiota, Boosting SCFAs\/L\u2010Glutamine, and Rebalancing Th17\/Treg Immunity"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Tiantian","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science and Biotechnology Zhejiang Gongshang University  Hangzhou China"},{"name":"Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Nutritional Health  Hangzhou 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