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This study evaluated the effects of kaempferol and three\n                    <jats:italic>O<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010glycosides (K3G, K3R, K3S) on LPS\u2010induced inflammation in RAW264.7 macrophages. Compared with its\n                    <jats:italic>O<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010glycosides, kaempferol exhibited markedly stronger anti\u2010inflammatory activity, shown by greater suppression of inflammatory mediators (NO, PGE\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    , IL\u20106, TNF\u2010\u03b1) and ROS production. Mechanistically, kaempferol inhibited G0\/G1 to S phase progression and attenuated MAPK\/NF\u2010\u03baB\/I\u03baB\u03b1 signaling, reducing iNOS and COX\u20102 expressions. Lipidomics analysis revealed that kaempferol restored LPS\u2010disrupted glycerophospholipid homeostasis and modulated key lipid metabolites. Collectively, these findings highlighted the superior in vitro anti\u2010inflammatory activity of kaempferol relative to its\n                    <jats:italic>O<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010glycosides, supporting further investigation of its physiological relevance.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.70567","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T05:45:51Z","timestamp":1787895951000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Comparative Study on the Anti\u2010Inflammatory Activity of Kaempferol and Its\n                    <i>O<\/i>\n                    \u2010Glycosides in LPS\u2010Induced RAW264.7 Cells"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Jinming","family":"Peng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Green Processing and Intelligent Manufacturing of Lingnan Specialty Food Ministry of 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