{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T06:17:42Z","timestamp":1787897862171,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787011200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":17,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Molecular Nutrition Food Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The effects of caffeic acid (CA) intervention on the relationship between human colorectal cancer (CRC) HT\u201029 cell growth and Th1\/Th2 immune balance in vivo are not fully understood. To unravel the perplexity, this study examined the impact of CA intervention on the relationship between tumor growth and the Th1\/Th2 immune balance in CRC\u2010bearing mice for 35 days using an established xenograft animal model. The BALB\/c nude mice were subcutaneously xenografted with HT\u201029 cells and received three different CA doses daily, including 6\u00a0mg (low\u2010dose), 30\u00a0mg (medium\u2010dose), and 60\u00a0mg CA\/kg AIN\u201093\u00a0M feed (high\u2010dose). The results showed that CA intervention slightly decreased tumor volumes and weights in CRC\u2010bearing mice. Meanwhile, the CRC\u2010bearing mice tended to have a Th2\u2010biased immune balance, as indicated by the cytokine secretion profile of splenocytes. Notably, CA intervention dose\u2010dependently increased Concanavalin A\u2010stimulated IFN\u2010\u03b3 secretion and the IFN\u2010\u03b3 (Th1)\/IL\u201010 (Th2) secretion ratio. There is a negative correlation between IFN\u2010\u03b3\/IL\u201010 secretion ratios and tumor weights, suggesting that higher doses of CA intervention may reverse the immune balance toward a Th1\u2010dominant immune response in CRC\u2010bearing mice. CA showed modest trends toward reduced tumor burden under the experimental conditions tested, while reversing the Th2\u2010biased immune balance in CRC\u2010bearing mice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.70587","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T05:59:00Z","timestamp":1787119140000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Caffeic Acid Intervention Slows Cancer Cell Growth While Reversing the Th2\u2010Biased Immune Balance in Human Colorectal Cancer HT\u201029 Cell\u2010Bearing Mice"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Hsuan\u2010Yin","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Biotechnology National Chung Hsing University  Taichung Taiwan Republic of 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