{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T06:06:58Z","timestamp":1789538818554,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788739200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Molecular Nutrition Food Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Milk kefir has shown osteoprotective potential, but whether fermentation duration influences its effects remains unclear. This study evaluated the influence of fermentation time on milk kefir microbial composition and its effects on mandibular bone in glucocorticoid\u2010induced osteoporotic rats. Milk kefir was fermented for 1, 4, or 7 days (MK1, MK4, MK7). Forty male Wistar rats were assigned to five groups (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a08): healthy control, glucocorticoid\u2010induced osteoporosis (GIO), and GIO treated with MK1, MK4, or MK7. Osteoporosis was induced by weekly intramuscular dexamethasone (7\u00a0mg\/kg) for 5 weeks, followed by 12 weeks of daily kefir administration (0.7\u00a0mL). Microbial composition was assessed by 16S and 18S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing.\n                    <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                    dominated the bacterial community, whereas\n                    <jats:italic>Saccharomyces<\/jats:italic>\n                    predominated among fungi, with no major changes across fermentation times. Prolonged fermentation (MK4 and MK7) significantly increased serum calcium, mandibular cortical thickness, interradicular bone area, collagen maturity, and fracture resistance. These findings indicate that prolonged fermentation enhances the osteoprotective effects of milk kefir, despite relative stability of the dominant microbial taxa, highlighting fermentation duration as an important factor in optimizing milk kefir for preserving mandibular bone under osteoporotic conditions.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.70601","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T09:38:46Z","timestamp":1788773926000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Fermentation Time Modulates the Osteoprotective Effects of Milk Kefir in Glucocorticoid\u2010Induced Osteoporotic Rats"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"70","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8330-1292","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thays Allane","family":"Cordeiro Maia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Translational Medicine Faculty 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Vasconcelos","family":"Vieira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Dentistry Faculty of Pharmacy Dentistry and Nursing Federal University of Cear\u00e1  Fortaleza Cear\u00e1 Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-1680-3133","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sofia Tavares","family":"Bessa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dentistry Course Faculty of Pharmacy Dentistry and Nursing Federal University of Cear\u00e1  Fortaleza Cear\u00e1 Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2891-3317","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Igor Santos da","family":"Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dentistry Course Faculty of Pharmacy Dentistry and Nursing Federal University of Cear\u00e1  Fortaleza Cear\u00e1 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