{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,8]],"date-time":"2026-02-08T12:14:21Z","timestamp":1770552861046,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,16]],"date-time":"2017-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1487203200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":15,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000070","name":"National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 EB001457"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 EB001457"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000070","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 HL122484"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 HL122484"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medical Physics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]},"abstract":"Purpose<\/jats:title>Amplitude\u2010based respiratory gating is known to capture the extent of respiratory motion (RM<\/jats:styled-content>) accurately but results in residual motion in the presence of respiratory hysteresis. In our previous study, we proposed and developed a novel approach to account for respiratory hysteresis by applying the Bouc\u2013Wen (BW<\/jats:styled-content>) model of hysteresis to external surrogate signals of anterior\/posterior motion of the abdomen and chest with respiration. In this work, using simulated and clinical SPECT<\/jats:styled-content> myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI<\/jats:styled-content>) studies, we investigate the effects of respiratory hysteresis and evaluate the benefit of correcting it using the proposed BW<\/jats:styled-content> model in comparison with the abdomen signal typically employed clinically.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>The MRI<\/jats:styled-content> navigator data acquired in free\u2010breathing human volunteers were used in the specially modified 4D NCAT<\/jats:styled-content> phantoms to allow simulating three types of respiratory patterns: monotonic, mild hysteresis, and strong hysteresis with normal myocardial uptake, and perfusion defects in the anterior, lateral, inferior, and septal locations of the mid\u2010ventricular wall. Clinical scans were performed using a Tc\u201099m sestamibi MPI<\/jats:styled-content> protocol while recording respiratory signals from thoracic and abdomen regions using a visual tracking system (VTS<\/jats:styled-content>). The performance of the correction using the respiratory signals was assessed through polar map analysis in phantom and 10 clinical studies selected on the basis of having substantial RM<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>In phantom studies, simulations illustrating normal myocardial uptake showed significant differences (P\u00a0<\/jats:italic><\u00a00.001) in the uniformity of the polar maps between the RM<\/jats:styled-content> uncorrected and corrected. No significant differences were seen in the polar map uniformity across the RM<\/jats:styled-content> corrections. Studies simulating perfusion defects showed significantly decreased errors (P\u00a0<\/jats:italic><\u00a00.001) in defect severity and extent for the RM<\/jats:styled-content> corrected compared to the uncorrected. Only for the strong hysteretic pattern, there was a significant difference (P\u00a0<\/jats:italic><\u00a00.001) among the RM<\/jats:styled-content> corrections. The errors in defect severity and extent for the RM<\/jats:styled-content> correction using abdomen signal were significantly higher compared to that of the BW<\/jats:styled-content> (severity\u00a0=\u00a0\u22124.0%, P\u00a0<\/jats:italic><\u00a00.001; extent\u00a0=\u00a0\u221265.4%, P\u00a0<\/jats:italic><\u00a00.01) and chest (severity\u00a0=\u00a0\u22124.1%, P\u00a0<\/jats:italic><\u00a00.001; extent\u00a0=\u00a0\u221252.5%, P\u00a0<\/jats:italic><\u00a00.01) signals. In clinical studies, the quantitative analysis of the polar maps demonstrated qualitative and quantitative but not statistically significant differences (P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a00.73) between the correction methods that used the BW<\/jats:styled-content> signal and the abdominal signal.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions<\/jats:title>This study shows that hysteresis in respiration affects the extent of residual motion left in the RM<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010binned data, which can impact wall uniformity and the visualization of defects. Thus, there appears to be the potential for improved accuracy in reconstruction in the presence of hysteretic RM<\/jats:styled-content> with the BW<\/jats:styled-content> model method providing a possible step in the direction of improvement.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.12072","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,29]],"date-time":"2016-12-29T14:23:20Z","timestamp":1483021400000},"page":"437-450","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Correction of hysteretic respiratory motion in SPECT<\/scp> myocardial perfusion imaging: Simulation and patient studies"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Paul K. 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