{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T08:40:49Z","timestamp":1791880849459,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,20]],"date-time":"2017-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1503187200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZIACL090019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZIACL090019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZIAEB000072"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZIAEB000072"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medical Physics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To demonstrate the feasibility of spectral imaging using photon\u2010counting detector (PCD) x\u2010ray computed tomography (CT) for simultaneous material decomposition of three contrast agents <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> in a large animal model.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee\u2010approved study used a canine model. Bismuth subsalicylate was administered orally 24\u201372 h before imaging. PCD CT was performed during intravenous administration of 40\u201360 ml gadoterate meglumine; 3.5 min later, iopamidol 370 was injected intravenously. Renal PCD CT images were acquired every 2 s for 5\u20136 min to capture the wash\u2010in and wash\u2010out kinetics of the contrast agents. Least mean squares linear material decomposition was used to calculate the concentrations of contrast agents in the aorta, renal cortex, renal medulla and renal pelvis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Using reference vials with known concentrations of materials, we computed molar concentrations of the various contrast agents during each phase of CT scanning. Material concentration maps allowed simultaneous quantification of both arterial and delayed renal enhancement in a single CT acquisition. The accuracy of the material decomposition algorithm in a test phantom was \u22120.4 \u00b1 2.2 mM, 0.3 \u00b1 2.2 mM for iodine and gadolinium solutions, respectively. Peak contrast concentration of gadolinium and iodine in the aorta, renal cortex, and renal medulla were observed 16, 24, and 60 s after the start each injection, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Photon\u2010counting spectral CT allowed simultaneous material decomposition of multiple contrast agents <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>. Besides defining contrast agent concentrations, tissue enhancement at multiple phases was observed in a single CT acquisition, potentially obviating the need for multiphase CT scans and thus reducing radiation dose.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.12301","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,26]],"date-time":"2017-04-26T08:17:40Z","timestamp":1493194660000},"page":"5120-5127","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":209,"title":["Photon\u2010counting CT for simultaneous imaging of multiple contrast agents in the abdomen: An <i>in vivo<\/i> study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Rolf","family":"Symons","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology Imaging Sciences National Institutes of Health Clinical Center Bethesda MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernhard","family":"Krauss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computed Tomography Division Siemens Healthcare GmbH Forchheim Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pooyan","family":"Sahbaee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Imaging and Therapy Systems Siemens Medical Solutions Inc. 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