{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T19:29:58Z","timestamp":1790796598567,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,16]],"date-time":"2017-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1497571200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30CA01672"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30CA01672"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medical Physics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess the influence of non\u2010rigid anatomy and differences in patient positioning between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CT<\/jats:styled-content> acquisition and endoscopic examination on endoscopy\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CT<\/jats:styled-content> image registration in the head and neck.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Radiotherapy planning <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CT<\/jats:styled-content>s and 31\u201335 daily treatment\u2010room <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CT<\/jats:styled-content>s were acquired for nineteen patients. Diagnostic <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CT<\/jats:styled-content>s were acquired for thirteen of the patients. The surfaces of the airways were segmented on all scans and triangular meshes were created to render virtual endoscopic images with a calibrated pinhole model of an endoscope. The virtual images were used to take projective measurements throughout the meshes, with reference measurements defined as those taken on the planning <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CT<\/jats:styled-content>s and test measurements defined as those taken on the daily or diagnostic <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CT<\/jats:styled-content>s. The influence of non\u2010rigid anatomy was quantified by 3D distance errors between reference and test measurements on the daily <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CT<\/jats:styled-content>s, and the influence of patient positioning was quantified by 3D distance errors between reference and test measurements on the diagnostic <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CT<\/jats:styled-content>s. The daily <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CT<\/jats:styled-content> measurements were also used to investigate the influences of camera\u2010to\u2010surface distance, surface angle, and the interval of time between scans.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Average errors in the daily <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CT<\/jats:styled-content>s were 0.36\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.61\u00a0cm in the nasal cavity, 0.58\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.83\u00a0cm in the naso\u2010 and oropharynx, and 0.47\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.73\u00a0cm in the hypopharynx and larynx. Average errors in the diagnostic <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CT<\/jats:styled-content>s in those regions were 0.52\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.69\u00a0cm, 0.65\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.84\u00a0cm, and 0.69\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.90\u00a0cm, respectively. All <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CT<\/jats:styled-content>s had errors heavily skewed towards 0, albeit with large outliers. Large camera\u2010to\u2010surface distances were found to increase the errors, but the angle at which the camera viewed the surface had no effect. The errors in the Day 1 and Day 15 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CT<\/jats:styled-content>s were found to be significantly smaller than those in the Day 30 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CT<\/jats:styled-content>s (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Inconsistencies of patient positioning have a larger influence than non\u2010rigid anatomy on projective measurement errors. In general, these errors are largest when the camera is in the superior pharynx, where it sees large distances and a lot of muscle motion. The errors are larger when the interval of time between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CT<\/jats:styled-content> acquisitions is longer, which suggests that the interval of time between the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CT<\/jats:styled-content> acquisition and the endoscopic examination should be kept short. The median errors found in this study are comparable to acceptable levels of uncertainty in deformable <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CT<\/jats:styled-content> registration. Large errors are possible even when image alignment is very good, indicating that projective measurements must be made carefully to avoid these outliers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.12352","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,17]],"date-time":"2017-05-17T15:17:14Z","timestamp":1495034234000},"page":"4159-4168","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The influence of non\u2010rigid anatomy and patient positioning on endoscopy\u2010<scp>CT<\/scp> image registration in the head and neck"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"W. Scott","family":"Ingram","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Physics The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston TX 77030 USA"},{"name":"UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston TX 77030 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinzhong","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Physics The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston TX 77030 USA"},{"name":"UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston TX 77030 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"III","given":"Richard","family":"Wendt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston TX 77030 USA"},{"name":"Department of Imaging Physics The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston TX 77030 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beth M.","family":"Beadle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Radiation Oncology The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston TX 77030 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arvind","family":"Rao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston TX 77030 USA"},{"name":"Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston TX 77030 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin A.","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Physics The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston TX 77030 USA"},{"name":"UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston TX 77030 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurence E.","family":"Court","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Physics The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston TX 77030 USA"},{"name":"UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston TX 77030 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(01)01824-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.3658569"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/57\/20\/6601"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","first-page":"259","article-title":"Geometric\u2010feature\u2010based spectral graph matching in pharyngeal surface registration","volume":"17","author":"Zhao Q","year":"2014","journal-title":"Med Image Comput Comput Assist Interv"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-39899-8_39"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"LuoX WanY HeX YangJ MoriK.Diversity\u2010enhanced condensation algorithm and its application for robust and accurate endoscope three\u2010dimensional motion tracking. 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