{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T22:12:58Z","timestamp":1790115178455,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,10]],"date-time":"2017-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1499644800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"NIH\/NIDCR","award":["R01DE022676"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DE022676"]}]},{"name":"NIH\/NIDCR","award":["R01DE021863"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DE021863"]}]},{"name":"Taipei Municipal Wan Fang Hospital, Taiwan"},{"name":"Scholarship Fund of Guangxi Education Department, Guangxi, China"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medical Physics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>It is clinically important to accurately predict facial soft\u2010tissue changes prior to orthognathic surgery. However, the current simulation methods are problematic, especially in anatomic regions of clinical significance, e.g., the nose, lips, and chin. We developed a new 3\u2010stage finite element method (FEM) approach that incorporates realistic tissue sliding to improve such prediction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In Stage One, soft\u2010tissue change was simulated, using FEM with patient\u2010specific mesh models generated from our previously developed eFace template. Postoperative bone movement was applied on the patient mesh model with standard FEM boundary conditions. In Stage Two, the simulation was improved by implementing sliding effects between gum tissue and teeth using a nodal force constraint scheme. In Stage Three, the result of the tissue sliding effect was further enhanced by reassigning the soft\u2010tissue\u2010bone mapping and boundary conditions using nodal spatial constraint. Finally, our methods have been quantitatively and qualitatively validated using 40 retrospectively evaluated patient cases by comparing it to the traditional FEM method and the FEM with sliding effect, using a nodal force constraint method.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results showed that our method was better than the other two methods. Using our method, the quantitative distance errors between predicted and actual patient surfaces for the entire face and any subregions thereof were below 1.5 mm. The overall soft\u2010tissue change prediction was accurate to within 1.1 \u00b1 0.3 mm, with the accuracy around the upper and lower lip regions of 1.2 \u00b1 0.7 mm and 1.5 \u00b1 0.7 mm, respectively. The results of qualitative evaluation completed by clinical experts showed an improvement of 46% in acceptance rate compared to the traditional FEM simulation. More than 80% of the result of our approach was considered acceptable in comparison with 55% and 50% following the other two methods.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The FEM simulation method with improved sliding effect showed significant accuracy improvement in the whole face and the clinically significant regions (i.e., nose and lips) in comparison with the other published FEM methods, with or without sliding effect using a nodal force constraint. The qualitative validation also proved the clinical feasibility of the developed approach.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.12391","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,1]],"date-time":"2017-06-01T09:52:44Z","timestamp":1496310764000},"page":"4252-4261","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["A clinically validated prediction method for facial soft\u2010tissue changes following double\u2010jaw surgery"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Daeseung","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Houston Methodist Research Institute TX 77030 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dennis Chun\u2010Yu","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Houston Methodist Research Institute TX 77030 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Jiaotong University College of Medicine Shanghai 200011 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Houston Methodist Research Institute TX 77030 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siting","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Houston Methodist Research Institute TX 77030 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guangming","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Wake Forest School of Medicine Winston\u2010Salem NC 27101 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaobo","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Wake Forest School of Medicine Winston\u2010Salem NC 27101 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