{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,8]],"date-time":"2026-02-08T12:56:01Z","timestamp":1770555361605,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,8]],"date-time":"2018-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1533686400000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":321,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#am"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,21]],"date-time":"2017-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1505952000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000005","name":"U.S. Department of Defense","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["W81XWH\u201014\u20101\u20100600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH\u201014\u20101\u20100600"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000005","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000005","name":"U.S. Department of Defense","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["#SC130156"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#SC130156"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000005","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medical Physics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Improper administration of epidural anesthesia can result in nerve complications. This problem is exacerbated for obese patients whose vertebrae cannot be palpated. Ultrasound (US) has recently emerged as an attractive imaging modality for accurate epidural placement. However, anesthesiologists untrained in US have difficulty interpreting the anatomy in noisy spinal US images. Furthermore, the complex geometry in spinal US images is characterized by a discontinuous intensity profile because the transducer is often not perpendicularly oriented to spine surface regions such as laminae, articular and transverse processes. This makes the interpretation of spinal images more challenging than typical long bone surface images. In this article, we propose a new method to segment the spine anatomy in US images obtained in both the transverse and paramedian planes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A set of 108 B\u2010mode images were randomly chosen from 35 cine loops obtained from scanning the lumbar and thoracic vertebrae of 17 healthy volunteers with a BMI ranging from 19.5 to 27.9. A local phase\u2010symmetry technique was applied to the B\u2010mode images for enhancement of bone\u2010like ridges, and the spine blobs were subsequently classified. The segmented spine surface from the blobs was compared against a radiologist's manual delineation of the spine surface.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>For the performance of the spine blob classifier, we obtain a Matthews Correlation Coefficient (MCC) of 0.77 and a geometric mean (G\u2010mean) of 0.96. The mean absolute error between the manual delineation of the laminae by the radiologist and the automatic laminae segmentation is found to be 0.26 mm with a maximum possible absolute error of 2.01 mm for spinal US images of 70 mm depth.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our proposed technique successfully performs automatic segmentation of the spine surface \u2014 specifically the laminae, ligamentum flava, spinous, transverse, and articular processes \u2014 and can be extended to any bone anatomy present in an US image. This has implications for 3D visualization of bone surfaces and, without loss of generality, the vertebral column.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.12509","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,8]],"date-time":"2017-08-08T11:08:40Z","timestamp":1502190520000},"page":"5755-5767","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Spine surface detection from local phase\u2010symmetry enhanced ridges in ultrasound images"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Peer Mohamed S.","family":"Shajudeen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Texas A&amp;M University College Station TX 77840 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raffaella","family":"Righetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Texas A&amp;M University College Station TX 77840 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.SA.0000414261.89578.38"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","first-page":"238","article-title":"Three\u2010dimensional spinal bone imaging with medical ultrasound for epidural anesthesia guidance","author":"Mauldin FW","year":"2011","journal-title":"IEEE Int Ultrason Symp"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anclin.2007.11.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1674-8301(10)60046-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsfs.2011.0025"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2010.2048709"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/ane.0b013e3181a94c75"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12630-009-9219-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003643-200401000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aep079"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aoa.0000302311.29915.ed"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Probabilistic registration of an unbiased statistical shape model to ultrasound images of the spine","volume":"8316","author":"Rasoulian A","year":"2012","journal-title":"SPIE Med Imaging"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","first-page":"549","article-title":"A fully automated method for the delineation of osseous interface in ultrasound images","volume":"3216","author":"Daanen V","year":"2004","journal-title":"Med Image Comput Comput Assist Interv"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rcs.160"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","first-page":"2664","article-title":"Ultrasound bone detection using patient\u2010specific CT prior","volume":"2012","author":"Beitzel J","year":"2012","journal-title":"Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ForoughiP BoctorE SwartzMJ TaylorRH FichtingerG.P6D\u20102 ultrasound Bone Segmentation Using Dynamic Programming. 2007 IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium Proceedings;2007.","DOI":"10.1109\/ULTSYM.2007.635"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"JiaR MellonSJ HansjeeS MonkAP MurrayDW NobleJA.Automatic bone segmentation in ultrasound images using local phase features and dynamic programming. 2016 IEEE 13th International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging (ISBI);2016.","DOI":"10.1109\/ISBI.2016.7493435"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lopez\u2010PerezL LemaitreJ AlfiansyahA BellemareM\u2010E.Bone surface reconstruction using localized freehand ultrasound imaging. 2008 30th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society;2008;2008:2964\u20132967.","DOI":"10.1109\/IEMBS.2008.4649825"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"AlfiansyahA NgKH LamsudinR.Deformable Model for Serial Ultrasound Images Segmentation: Application to Computer Assisted Hip Athroplasty. IFMBE Proceedings 13th International Conference on Biomedical Engineering;2009.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-92841-6_264"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"WenX SalcudeanSE.P6D\u20105 Enhancement of Bone Surface Visualization Using Ultrasound Radio\u2010Frequency Signals; 2007 IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium Proceedings.2007.","DOI":"10.1109\/ULTSYM.2007.638"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","first-page":"3","article-title":"Bone segmentation applying rigid bone position and triple shadow check method based on RF data","volume":"13","author":"Doctor A","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Bioeng Biomech"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","first-page":"356","article-title":"Robust Bone Detection in Ultrasound Using Combined Strain Imaging and Envelope Signal Power Detection","volume":"8673","author":"Hussain MA","year":"2014","journal-title":"Med Image Comput Comput Assist Interv"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2009.04.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-10331-5_88"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"KhallaghiS AbolmaesumiP GongRH et al.GPU accelerated registration of a statistical shape model of the lumbar spine to 3D ultrasound images. Medical Imaging 2011: Visualization Image\u2010Guided Procedures and Modeling;2011.","DOI":"10.1117\/12.878377"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11548-016-1369-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2013.2268424"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11548-015-1247-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2014.2332571"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2014.03.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2016.03.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TUFFC.2005.1561621"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2011.10.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","unstructured":"KovesiP.\u201cSymmetry and Asymmetry from Local Phase\u201d Proc. 10th Australian Joint Conf. Artificial Intelligence;1997."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1147\/sj.41.0025"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"JainAK TaylorRH.Understanding bone responses in B\u2010mode ultrasound images and automatic bone surface extraction using a Bayesian probabilistic framework. Medical Imaging 2004: Ultrasonic Imaging and Signal Processing;2004.","DOI":"10.1117\/12.535984"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","first-page":"6","article-title":"Using graphics processing units to enable real\u2010time bone surface extraction from volumetric medical ultrasound image data using local PHASE features","volume":"95","author":"Amir\u2010Khalili A","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bone Joint J"}],"container-title":["Medical Physics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fmp.12509","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mp.12509","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/mp.12509","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/am-pdf\/10.1002\/mp.12509","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mp.12509","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,16]],"date-time":"2023-09-16T15:07:58Z","timestamp":1694876878000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/mp.12509"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,21]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/mp.12509"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mp.12509","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0094-2405","2473-4209"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0094-2405","type":"print"},{"value":"2473-4209","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,21]]}}}