{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,6]],"date-time":"2024-08-06T01:24:12Z","timestamp":1722907452081},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,9]],"date-time":"2017-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1507507200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medical Physics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To develop a novel remote 3D dosimetry protocol to verify Magnetic Resonance\u2010guided Radiation Therapy (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MR<\/jats:styled-content>g<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RT<\/jats:styled-content>) treatments. The protocol was applied to investigate the accuracy of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TG<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010119 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IMRT<\/jats:styled-content> irradiations delivered by the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRI<\/jats:styled-content>dian<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup> system (ViewRay<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>, Oakwood Village, OH, USA) allowing for a 48\u2010hour delay between irradiation at a field institution and subsequent readout at a base institution.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The 3D dosimetry protocol utilizes a novel formulation of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PRESAGE<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup> radiochromic dosimeters developed for high postirradiation stability and compatibility with optical\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CT<\/jats:styled-content> readout. Optical\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CT<\/jats:styled-content> readout was performed with an in\u2010house system utilizing telecentric lenses affording high\u2010resolution scanning. The protocol was developed from preparatory experiments to characterize <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PRESAGE<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup> response in relevant conditions. First, linearity and sensitivity of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PRESAGE<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup> dose\u2010response in the presence of a magnetic field was evaluated in a <jats:italic>small volume study<\/jats:italic> (4\u00a0ml cuvettes) conducted under <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MR<\/jats:styled-content>g<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RT<\/jats:styled-content> conditions and irradiated with doses 0\u201315\u00a0Gy. Temporal and spatial stability of the dose\u2010response were investigated in <jats:italic>large volume studies<\/jats:italic> utilizing large field\u2010of\u2010view (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FOV<\/jats:styled-content>) 2\u00a0kg cylindrical <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PRESAGE<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup> dosimeters. Dosimeters were imaged at t\u00a0=\u00a01\u00a0hr and t\u00a0=\u00a048\u00a0hrs enabling the development of correction terms to model any observed spatial and temporal changes postirradiation. Polynomial correction factors for temporal and spatial changes in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PRESAGE<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup> dosimeters (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content> respectively) were obtained by numerical fitting to time\u2010point data acquired in six irradiated dosimeters. A remote dosimetry protocol was developed where <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PRESAGE<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup> change in optical\u2010density (\u0394<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OD<\/jats:styled-content>) readings at time t\u00a0=\u00a0X (the irradiation to return shipment time interval) were corrected back to a convenient standard time t\u00a0=\u00a01\u00a0hr using the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content> corrections. This refined protocol was then applied to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TG<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010119 (American Association of Physicists in Medicine, Task Group 119) plan deliveries on the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRI<\/jats:styled-content>dian<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup> system to evaluate the accuracy of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MR<\/jats:styled-content>g<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RT<\/jats:styled-content> in these conditions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the small volume study, in the presence of a 0.35\u00a0T magnetic field, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PRESAGE<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup> was observed to respond linearly (R<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u00a0=\u00a00.9996) to Co\u201060 irradiation at t\u00a0=\u00a048\u00a0hrs postirradiation, within the dose ranges of 0 to 15\u00a0Gy, with a sensitivity of 0.0305(\u00b10.003) \u0394<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OD<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0cm<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\u00a0Gy<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>. In the large volume studies, at t\u00a0=\u00a01\u00a0hr postirradiation, consistent linear response was observed, with average sensitivity of 0.0930\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.002 \u0394<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OD<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0cm<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\u00a0Gy<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>. However, dosimeters gradually darkened with time (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OD<\/jats:styled-content>&lt;\u00a05% per day). A small radial dependence to the dosimeter sensitivity was measured (&lt;\u00a03% of maximum dose), which is attributed to a spherically symmetric dosimeter artifact arising from exothermic heating legacy in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PRESAGE<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup> polyurethane substrate during curing. When applied to the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TG<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010119 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IMRT<\/jats:styled-content> irradiations, the remote dosimetry protocol (including correction terms) yielded excellent line\u2010profile and 3D gamma agreement for 3%\/3\u00a0mm, 10% threshold (mean passing rate\u00a0=\u00a096.6%\u00a0\u00b1\u00a04.0%).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>A novel 3D remote dosimetry protocol is introduced for validating off\u2010site dosimetrically complex radiotherapy systems, including <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MR<\/jats:styled-content>g<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RT<\/jats:styled-content>. The protocol involves correcting for temporal and spatially dependent changes in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PRESAGE<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup> radiochromic dosimeters readout by optical\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CT<\/jats:styled-content>. Application of the protocol to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TG<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010119 irradiations enabled verification of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MR<\/jats:styled-content>g<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RT<\/jats:styled-content> dose distributions with high resolution.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.12565","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,6]],"date-time":"2017-09-06T16:36:46Z","timestamp":1504715806000},"page":"6018-6028","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Development of a 3D remote dosimetry protocol compatible with <scp>MR<\/scp>g<scp>IMRT<\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Stewart","family":"Mein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Physics Graduate Program Duke University Durham NC 27705 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leith","family":"Rankine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology The University of North Carolina Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA"},{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology Washington University School of Medicine Saint Louis MO 63110 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Adamovics","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry &amp; Physics Rider University Lawrenceville NY 08648 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Harold","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology Washington University School of Medicine Saint Louis MO 63110 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Oldham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Physics Graduate Program Duke University Durham NC 27705 USA"},{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology Duke University Medical Center Durham NC 27710 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2012.04.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2015.01.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0971-6203.165081"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2017.01.223"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.4884018"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/60\/6\/2217"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.4957308"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rpd\/nci555"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.2192888"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","first-page":"3962","article-title":"A practical three\u2010dimensional dosimetry system for radiation therapy","volume":"23","author":"Guo P","year":"2007","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.3005609"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/55\/5\/002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.3148534"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.2899995"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.3613375"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.4829518"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-6596\/444\/1\/012029"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.3238104"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-6596\/250\/1\/012100"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.4925038"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"JuangT.Clinical and Research Applications of 3D Dosimetry. 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