{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,17]],"date-time":"2023-09-17T08:43:04Z","timestamp":1694940184663},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,9]],"date-time":"2017-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1507507200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medical Physics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]},"abstract":"Purpose<\/jats:title>To assess risks of RF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010heating of a vagus nerve stimulator (VNS<\/jats:styled-content>) during 1.5\u00a0T prostate MRI<\/jats:styled-content> using body coil transmit and to compare these risks with those associated with MRI<\/jats:styled-content> head exams using a transmit\/receive head coil.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>Spatial distributions of radio\u2010frequency (RF<\/jats:styled-content>) B1 fields generated by transmit\/receive (T\/R) body and head coils were empirically assessed along the long axis of a 1.5\u00a0T MRI<\/jats:styled-content> scanner bore. Measurements were obtained along the center axis of the scanner and laterally offset by 15\u00a0cm (body coil) and 7\u00a0cm (head coil). RF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010field measurements were supplemented with direct measurements of RF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010heating of 15\u00a0cm long copper wires affixed to and submerged in the \u201cneck\u201d region of the gelled saline\u2010filled (sodium chloride and polyacrylic acid) \u201chead\u2010and\u2010torso\u201d phantom. Temperature elevations at the lead tips were measured using fiber\u2010optic thermometers with the phantom positioned at systematically increased distances from the scanner isocenter.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>B1 field measurements demonstrated greater than 10\u00a0dB reduction in RF<\/jats:styled-content> power at distances beyond 28\u00a0cm and 24\u00a0cm from isocenter for body and head coil, respectively. Moreover, RF<\/jats:styled-content> power from body coil transmit at distances greater than 32\u00a0cm from isocenter was found to be lower than from the RF<\/jats:styled-content> power from head coil transmit measured at locations adjacent to the coil array at its opening. Correspondingly, maximum temperature elevations at the tips of the copper wires decreased with increasing distance from isocenter \u2014 from 7.4\u00b0C at 0\u00a0cm to no appreciable heating at locations beyond 40\u00a0cm.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions<\/jats:title>For the particular scanner model evaluated in this study, positioning an implanted VNS<\/jats:styled-content> farther than 32\u00a0cm from isocenter (configuration achievable for prostate exams) can reduce risks of RF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010heating resulting from the body coil transmit to those associated with using a T\/R head coil.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.12567","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,7]],"date-time":"2017-09-07T13:41:37Z","timestamp":1504791697000},"page":"5749-5754","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluation of feasibility of 1.5 Tesla prostate MRI<\/scp> using body coil RF<\/scp> transmit in a patient with an implanted vagus nerve stimulator"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Christopher P.","family":"Favazza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Mayo Clinic Rochester MN 55905 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heidi A.","family":"Edmonson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Mayo Clinic Rochester MN 55905 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chi","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Mayo Clinic Rochester MN 55905 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yunhong","family":"Shu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Mayo Clinic Rochester MN 55905 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joel P.","family":"Felmlee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Mayo Clinic Rochester MN 55905 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert E.","family":"Watson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Mayo Clinic Rochester MN 55905 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Krzysztof R.","family":"Gorny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Mayo Clinic Rochester MN 55905 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.12629"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WNP.0b013e3181d64d8a"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","unstructured":"Cyberonics Inc.VNS therapy\u00ae system physician's manual.2016.http:\/\/us.livanova.cyberonics.com\/en\/vns-therapy-for-epilepsy\/healthcare-professionals\/vns-therapy\/manuals-page\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.22037"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acra.2014.11.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","first-page":"363","article-title":"Use of a radio frequency shield during 1.5 and 3.0 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging: experimental evaluation","volume":"7","author":"Favazza CP","year":"2014","journal-title":"Med Devices (Auckl)"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","unstructured":"MR systems 25.0 operator manual. 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