{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T05:42:42Z","timestamp":1770270162169,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,22]],"date-time":"2017-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1513900800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009670","name":"National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009670","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medical Physics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To fully quantify <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PET<\/jats:styled-content> imaging outcome measures, a blood sampling pump is often used during the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PET<\/jats:styled-content> acquisition. With simultaneous <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PET<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MR<\/jats:styled-content> studies, a structural magnetization\u2010prepared rapid gradient\u2010echo (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MP<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RAGE<\/jats:styled-content>) may also be acquired while the pump is generating electromagnetic noise. This study investigated whether this noise contamination would be detrimental to the quantification of volume and cortical thickness measures obtained from automated segmentation of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MP<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RAGE<\/jats:styled-content> image.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MP<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RAGE<\/jats:styled-content> T1w structural images were acquired for a phantom and 10 healthy volunteers (five female, 27.2\u00a0\u00b1\u00a05.1\u00a0y old) with the blood sampling pump and without. The white matter signal\u2010to\u2010noise ratio (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SNR<\/jats:styled-content>) was computed for all images. Region\u2010wise cortical thickness and volume were extracted with Freesurfer 5.3.0.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The phantom <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SNR<\/jats:styled-content> and the white matter human subject <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SNR<\/jats:styled-content> was degraded in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MP<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RAGE<\/jats:styled-content> images acquired with the pump (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a00.005; white matter <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SNR<\/jats:styled-content>: 43.9 and 50.8 with the pump and without). Intrasession, region\u2010wise volume and cortical thickness estimates were significantly overestimated with the pump (percent difference: 1.14\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.67% for volume (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.0003) and 0.34\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.59% (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a00.02) for cortical thickness). Regions with percent differences greater than 5% between pump conditions were those close to tissue\u2013air interfaces: entorhinal, frontal pole, parsorbitalis, temporal pole, and medial orbitofrontal. Synthetically adding Gaussian noise to the without pump <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MP<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RAGE<\/jats:styled-content> images yielded similar, significant detriments to cortical morphometry compared to without the pump.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study provides evidence that the use of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PET<\/jats:styled-content> blood sampling pumps may generate unstructured, Gaussian\u2010distributed noise in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MP<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RAGE<\/jats:styled-content> images that significantly alters the accuracy of Freesurfer\u2010derived volume and cortical thickness estimates. While many cortical regions showed a percent difference of less than 1% with the pump, regions close to tissue\u2013air interfaces, subject to larger susceptibility artifacts, were significantly affected. This potential for decreased accuracy should be considered in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PET<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MR<\/jats:styled-content> research studies utilizing blood sampling pumps, as well as any <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRI<\/jats:styled-content> study utilizing radiofrequency noise producing devices such as functional <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRI<\/jats:styled-content> task equipment and physiologic monitoring devices.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.12715","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,6]],"date-time":"2017-12-06T07:16:41Z","timestamp":1512544601000},"page":"678-686","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Noise contamination from <scp>PET<\/scp> blood sampling pump: Effects on structural <scp>MRI<\/scp> image quality in simultaneous <scp>PET<\/scp>\/<scp>MR<\/scp> studies"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Bartlett","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Stony Brook University Stony Brook NY 11794 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"DeLorenzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Stony Brook University Stony Brook NY 11794 USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Stony Brook Medicine Stony Brook NY 11794 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ramin","family":"Parsey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Stony Brook University Stony Brook NY 11794 USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Stony Brook Medicine Stony Brook NY 11794 USA"},{"name":"Department of Radiology Stony Brook Medicine Stony Brook NY 11794 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chuan","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Stony Brook University Stony Brook NY 11794 USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Stony Brook Medicine Stony Brook NY 11794 USA"},{"name":"Department of Radiology Stony Brook Medicine Stony Brook NY 11794 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.1910150117"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","first-page":"341357","article-title":"High\u2010speed automated discrete blood sampling for positron emission tomography","author":"Graham MM","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Nucl 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