{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T17:14:04Z","timestamp":1769102044258,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,3]],"date-time":"2018-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1527984000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["S10\u2010OD010631\u201001A1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S10\u2010OD010631\u201001A1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Medical Physics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>The precise dosimetric and geometric characteristics of small animal irradiators are essential to achieving reproducible dose delivery, especially in cases where image\u2010guidance is utilized. Currently, radiochromic film is the established measurement tool used to evaluate beam characteristics for these systems. However, only 2D information can be acquired with film. This study characterized both the dosimetric and geometric properties of the small animal research radiation platform (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SARRP<\/jats:styled-content>, Xstrahl) for commissioning purposes using a 3D radiochromic dosimetry system with a submillimeter resolution optical computed tomography (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OCT<\/jats:styled-content>) scanner.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Like a modern clinical linear accelerator, the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SARRP<\/jats:styled-content> features both a beam delivery system and a cone beam computed tomography (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CBCT<\/jats:styled-content>) imaging system. Dosimetric and geometric characteristics of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SARRP<\/jats:styled-content> were studied using <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EBT<\/jats:styled-content>3 radiochromic film and 3D <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PRESAGE<\/jats:styled-content> dosimeters. Dosimetric measurements included percent depth dose (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PDD<\/jats:styled-content>) curves and beam profiles. For geometric evaluation, the isocenter sizes of the treatment stage and gantry rotations as well as their coincidence were measured using star shot patterns. A commercial Epson Expression 11000<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">XL<\/jats:styled-content> flatbed scanner was used for readout of irradiated <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EBT<\/jats:styled-content>3 films at 300\u00a0dpi resolution. Each irradiated <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PRESAGE<\/jats:styled-content> dosimeter was scanned using a submillimeter resolution single laser beam <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OCT<\/jats:styled-content> scanner. Acquired data were reconstructed with a resolution of 0.3\u00a0mm\/pixel.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PDD<\/jats:styled-content> data measured from films and 3D dosimeters agree to within \u00b13% for depths up to 5\u00a0cm, for both 3\u00a0\u00d7\u00a03 and 10\u00a0\u00d7\u00a010\u00a0mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> fixed collimation. Profiles were analyzed at 10, 20, and 30\u00a0mm depth for 3\u00a0\u00d7\u00a03\u00a0mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> and 10\u00a0\u00d7\u00a010\u00a0mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> fields. The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FWHM<\/jats:styled-content> measurements for both dosimeters agreed to within 0.01\u00a0mm, and the penumbras agreed to within 0.1\u00a0mm for 3\u00a0\u00d7\u00a03\u00a0mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> and 0.5\u00a0mm for 10\u00a0\u00d7\u00a010\u00a0mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>. Gantry and treatment stage isocenter sizes were determined to be 0.21 and 0.43\u00a0mm using <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EBT<\/jats:styled-content>3 film, and 1.72 and 0.75\u00a0mm using <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PRESAGE<\/jats:styled-content> dosimeters. Absolute isocenter shifts, evaluated with 3D phantoms, were 0.80\u00a0mm for the gantry rotation isocenter (treatment isocenter) with respect to the laser\u2010defined setup isocenter, and 0.71\u00a0mm for the gantry rotation isocenter relative to treatment stage rotation isocenter (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CBCT<\/jats:styled-content> isocenter). The difference between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CBCT<\/jats:styled-content> isocenter and laser\u2010defined setup isocenter was 0.68\u00a0mm.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study demonstrated that 3D <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PRESAGE<\/jats:styled-content> dosimeters can be used for verification of precise targeting for the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SARRP<\/jats:styled-content>. This 3D dosimetry system can be utilized to obtain information on both geometric and dosimetric properties, as well as acquire beam data parameters for the purpose of commissioning image\u2010guided small animal irradiator systems.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.12955","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,10]],"date-time":"2018-05-10T12:41:16Z","timestamp":1525956076000},"page":"3330-3339","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Dosimetric and geometric characteristics of a small animal image\u2010guided irradiator using 3D dosimetry\/optical <scp>CT<\/scp> scanner"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Yong Hum","family":"Na","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology Columbia University New York NY 10032 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