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The system should be compact and mobile to support point\u2010of\u2010care (\n POC<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) molecular imaging applications. In this study, we present the key technologies required and discuss the potential benefits of such new capability.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n The core of this novel\n PET<\/jats:styled-content>\n technology includes trackable\n PET<\/jats:styled-content>\n detectors and a fully three\u2010dimensional, fast image reconstruction engine implemented on multiple graphics processing units (\n GPU<\/jats:styled-content>\n s) to support dynamically changing geometry by calculating the system matrix on\u2010the\u2010fly using a tube\u2010of\u2010response approach. With near real\u2010time image reconstruction capability, a\n POC<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010\n PET<\/jats:styled-content>\n system may comprise a maneuverable front\n PET<\/jats:styled-content>\n detector and a second detector panel which can be stationary or moved synchronously with the front detector such that both panels face the region\u2010of\u2010interest (\n ROI<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) with the detector trajectory contoured around a patient's body. We built a proof\u2010of\u2010concept\u00a0prototype using two planar detectors each consisting of a photomultiplier tube (\n PMT<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) optically coupled to an array of 48\u00a0\u00d7\u00a048 lutetium\u2010yttrium oxyorthosilicate (\n LYSO<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) crystals (1.0\u00a0\u00d7\u00a01.0\u00a0\u00d7\u00a010.0\u00a0mm\n 3<\/jats:sup>\n each). Only 38\u00a0\u00d7\u00a038 crystals in each arrays can be clearly re\u2010solved and used for coincidence detection. One detector was mounted to a robotic arm which can position it at arbitrary locations, and the other detector was mounted on a rotational stage. A cylindrical phantom (102\u00a0mm in diameter, 150\u00a0mm long) with nine spherical lesions (8:1 tumor\u2010to\u2010background activity concentration ratio) was imaged from 27 sampling angles. List\u2010mode events were reconstructed to form images without or with time\u2010of\u2010flight (\n TOF<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) information. We conducted two Monte Carlo simulations using two\n POC<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010\n PET<\/jats:styled-content>\n systems. The first one uses the same phantom and detector setup as our experiment, with the detector coincidence re\u2010solving time (\n CRT<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) ranging from 100 to 700\u00a0ps full\u2010width\u2010at\u2010half\u2010maximum (\n FWHM<\/jats:styled-content>\n ). The second study simulates a body\u2010size phantom (316\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0228\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0160\u00a0mm\n 3<\/jats:sup>\n ) imaged by a larger\n POC<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010\n PET<\/jats:styled-content>\n system that has 4\u00a0\u00d7\u00a06 modules (32\u00a0\u00d7\u00a032\n LYSO<\/jats:styled-content>\n crystals\/module, four in axial and six in transaxial directions) in the front panel and 3\u00a0\u00d7\u00a08 modules (16\u00a0\u00d7\u00a016\n LYSO<\/jats:styled-content>\n crystals\/module, three in axial and eight in transaxial directions) in the back panel. We also evaluated an interactive scanning strategy by progressively increasing the number of data sets used for image reconstruction. The updated images were analyzed based on the number of data sets and the detector\n CRT<\/jats:styled-content>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n The proof\u2010of\u2010concept prototype re\u2010solves most of the spherical lesions despite a limited number of coincidence events and incomplete sampling.\n TOF<\/jats:styled-content>\n information reduces artifacts in the reconstructed images. Systems with better timing resolution exhibit improved image quality and reduced artifacts. We observed a reconstruction speed of 0.96\u00a0\u00d7\u00a010\n 6<\/jats:sup>\n events\/s\/iteration for 600\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0600\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0224 voxel rectilinear space using four\n GPU<\/jats:styled-content>\n s. A\n POC<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010\n PET<\/jats:styled-content>\n system with significantly higher sensitivity can interactively image a body\u2010size object from four angles in less than 7\u00a0min.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n We have developed\n GPU<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010based fast image reconstruction capability to support a\n PET<\/jats:styled-content>\n system with arbitrary and dynamically changing geometry. Using\n TOF PET<\/jats:styled-content>\n detectors, we demonstrated the feasibility of a\n PET<\/jats:styled-content>\n system that can provide timely visual feedback to an operator who can scan a patient interactively to support\n POC<\/jats:styled-content>\n imaging applications.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.13397","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,23]],"date-time":"2019-01-23T15:44:43Z","timestamp":1548258283000},"page":"1798-1813","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Feasibility study of a point\u2010of\u2010care positron emission tomography system with interactive imaging capability"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Jianyong","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis MI 63110 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ke","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis MI 63130 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergey","family":"Komarov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis MI 63110 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph A.","family":"O'Sullivan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis MI 63130 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan\u2010Chuan","family":"Tai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis MI 63110 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DudleyJT ListgartenJ StegleO BrennerSE PartsL.Personalized medicine: from genotypes molecular phenotypes and the quantified self towards improved medicine. 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