{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T10:55:13Z","timestamp":1761562513189},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,25]],"date-time":"2019-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1561420800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["F32HD085685","S10OD018482"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F32HD085685","S10OD018482"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007747","name":"University of Utah","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007747","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Medical Physics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Treating uterine fibroids with less invasive therapies such as magnetic resonance\u2010guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) is an attractive alternative to surgery. Treatment planning can improve MRgFUS procedures and reduce treatment times, but the tissue properties that currently inform treatment planning tools are not adequate. This study aims to develop an <jats:italic>ex vivo<\/jats:italic> uterine fibroid model that can emulate the <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> environment allowing for characterization of the uterus and fibroid MR, acoustic, and thermal tissue properties while maintaining viability for the necessary postsurgical histopathological assessments.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Women undergoing a hysterectomy due to fibroid\u2010related symptoms were invited to undergo a preoperative pelvic MRI and to permit postoperative testing of their uterine specimen. Patients that declined or could not be scheduled for a pre\u2010operative MRI were still able to allow post\u2010operative testing of their excised tissue. Following surgical removal of the uterus, nonmorcellated tissues were reperfused with a Krebs\u2010Henseleit buffer solution. An MR\u2010compatible perfusion system was designed to maintain tissue viability inside the MR suite during scanning. MR imaging protocols utilized preoperatively were repeated on whole sample, reperfused <jats:italic>ex vivo<\/jats:italic> uterus specimens. Thermal properties including thermal diffusivity and thermal conductivity of the uterus and fibroids were determined using an invasive needle sensor device in 50% of the specimens. Acoustic property measurements (density, speed of sound and attenuation) were obtained for approximately 20% of the tissue samples using both through\u2010transmission and radiation force balance techniques. Differences between fibroid and uterus and <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>ex vivo<\/jats:italic> measurements were evaluated with a two\u2010tailed Student t test.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fourteen patients participated in the study and measurements were obtained from 22 unique fibroids. Of the 16 fibroids available for preoperative MRI testing, 69% demonstrated classic hypo\u2010intensity relative to the myometrium, with the remainder presenting with iso\u2010 (25%) or hyper\u2010intensity (6%). While thermal diffusivity was not significantly different between fibroid and myometrium tissues (0.217\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.047 and 0.204\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.039\u00a0mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\/s, respectively), the acoustic attenuation in fibroid tissue was significantly higher than myometrium (0.092\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.021 and 0.052\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.023\u00a0Np\/cm\/MHz, respectively). When comparing <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> with <jats:italic>ex vivo<\/jats:italic> MRI T1 and T2 measurements in fibroids and myometrium tissue, the only difference was found in the fibroid T2 property (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). Finally, the developed perfusion protocol successfully maintained tissue viability in <jats:italic>ex vivo<\/jats:italic> tissues as evaluated through histological analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study developed an MR\u2010compatible extracorporeal perfusion technique that effectively maintains tissue viability, allowing for the direct measurement of patient\u2010specific MR, thermal, and acoustic property values for both fibroid and myometrium tissues. These measured tissue property values will enable further development and validation of treatment planning models that can be utilized during MRgFUS uterine fibroid treatments.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.13639","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,1]],"date-time":"2019-06-01T14:49:56Z","timestamp":1559400596000},"page":"3344-3355","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["A tissue preparation to characterize uterine fibroid tissue properties for thermal therapies"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Christopher","family":"Dillon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences University of Utah Salt Lake City UT 84132 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Rezvani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences University of Utah Salt Lake City UT 84132 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hailey","family":"McLean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences University of Utah Salt Lake City UT 84132 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marisa","family":"Adelman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Utah Salt Lake City UT 84132 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Dassel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Utah Salt Lake City UT 84132 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elke","family":"Jarboe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Utah Salt Lake City UT 84132 USA"},{"name":"Department of Pathology University of Utah Salt Lake City UT 84112 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Margit","family":"Jan\u00e1t\u2010Amsbury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Utah Salt Lake City UT 84132 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Allison","family":"Payne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences University of Utah Salt Lake City UT 84132 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2003.99"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)03622-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.sult.2008.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmig.2008.08.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1112063"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e318183fbab"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","first-page":"901","article-title":"Potential of minimally invasive procedures in the treatment of uterine fibroids: a focus on magnetic resonance\u2010guided focused ultrasound therapy","volume":"7","author":"Fischer K","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Womens Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2015.11.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2011.01.458"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1933719113497289"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0033-1360311"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.09.2842"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-012-2665-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00270-011-0313-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.3152112"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2011.09.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.12111707"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/02656736.2014.968223"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/61\/15\/N373"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","unstructured":"HasgallPA DiGennaroF BaumgartnerC NeufeldE GosselinMC PayneD Klingenb\u00f6ckA KusterN.IT'IS Database for thermal and electromagnetic parameters of biological tissues.2015September 01st 2015 [cited 2016; Version 3.0]."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0301-5629(92)90119-U"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(99)70657-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.2001.20.5.473"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02656736.2017.1340677"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.24724"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1532-429X-15-92"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1532-429X-15-27"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2015.07.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/15.6.1235"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","first-page":"1000","article-title":"Quantitative estimation of human uterine artery blood flow and pelvic blood flow redistribution in pregnancy","volume":"80","author":"Palmer SK","year":"1992","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/02656736.2014.945497"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40349-015-0030-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/43\/8\/021"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1121\/1.385349"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/58.4174"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0301-5629(92)90011-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02656736.2018.1513168"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.183.6.01831713"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2401050717"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2491071600"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2006.08.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1447-0756.2007.00665.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-11486-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/des333"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.7455"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1447-0756.1995.tb01083.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiographics.19.suppl_1.g99oc04s131"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-008-1086-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.189.3.8234695"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","first-page":"235","article-title":"Uterine leiomyoma: correlation between signal intensity on magnetic resonance imaging and pathologic characteristics","volume":"10","author":"Swe TT","year":"1992","journal-title":"Radiat Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)49947-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/43\/8\/030"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.2975226"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_1","first-page":"9","article-title":"Fixation techniques for organs to be used as perfused tissue phantoms in bioheat transfer studies","author":"Holmes KR","year":"1984","journal-title":"Advances in Bioengineering"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02656736.2016.1216184"}],"container-title":["Medical Physics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mp.13639","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/mp.13639","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mp.13639","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,2]],"date-time":"2023-09-02T03:10:03Z","timestamp":1693624203000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/mp.13639"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,25]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/mp.13639"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mp.13639","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0094-2405","2473-4209"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0094-2405","type":"print"},{"value":"2473-4209","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-09-14","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-05-22","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-06-25","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}