{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T10:25:48Z","timestamp":1790159148425,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,22]],"date-time":"2020-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1600732800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP18K19909"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP18K19909"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP19H00672"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP19H00672"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Medical Physics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Astatine\u2010211 (At\u2010211) is a promising alpha emitter for radionuclide therapy. High\u2010resolution <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> imaging of At\u2010211 in small animals is needed for the development of At\u2010211 radiopharmaceuticals. For this purpose, we developed a low\u2010energy x\u2010ray camera using a thin YAlO<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>:Ce (YAP(Ce)) plate to image the low\u2010energy x rays (73\u201387\u00a0keV) from the daughter radionuclide of At\u2010211 (Po\u2010211).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>We optically coupled a 38\u00a0\u00d7\u00a038\u00a0\u00d7\u00a01\u2010mm YAP (Ce) plate to a position\u2010sensitive photomultiplier (PSPMT) to develop an imaging detector. A pinhole or a parallel hole collimator was attached to the imaging detector, and the performance was measured for 60\u2010keV gamma photons. With the developed x\u2010ray camera, we carried out imaging of a mouse that had been administered At\u2010211\u2010NaAt.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The intrinsic spatial resolution of the YAP (Ce) x\u2010ray camera was approximately 1.2\u00a0mm FWHM, and the energy resolution was 22% FWHM. With a 5\u2010mm\u2010thick parallel hole collimator, the spatial resolution was 3.8\u00a0mm FWHM with a sensitivity of 8\u00a0\u00d7\u00a010<jats:sup>\u22124<\/jats:sup> at 10\u00a0mm, which is a typical distance from the surface of the collimator to a subject in mouse imaging. Using a 1\u2010mm diameter pinhole collimator, the spatial resolution was 1.8\u00a0mm FWHM with a sensitivity of 3.5\u00a0\u00d7\u00a010<jats:sup>\u22124<\/jats:sup> at 10\u00a0mm from the collimator. In the mouse images measured by the developed x\u2010ray camera, we could clearly observe that the At\u2010211 accumulated in the thyroid gland and the stomach of the mouse.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>We concluded that the YAP (Ce) x\u2010ray camera is useful for\u00a0<jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> imaging of At\u2010211.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.14455","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,23]],"date-time":"2020-09-23T03:14:18Z","timestamp":1600830858000},"page":"5739-5748","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Development of high\u2010resolution YAP(Ce) x\u2010ray camera for the imaging of astatine\u2010211(At\u2010211) in small animals"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Kouhei","family":"Nakanishi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrated Health Science Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya Japan"},{"name":"Department of Radiology Akita Hospital Chiryu Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seiichi","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrated Health Science Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tadashi","family":"Watabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine and Tracer Kinetics Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine Suita Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuko","family":"Kaneda\u2010Nakashima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Radiation Sciences Osaka University Toyonaka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshifumi","family":"Shirakami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Radiation Sciences Osaka University Toyonaka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuhiro","family":"Ooe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine and Tracer Kinetics Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine Suita Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atsushi","family":"Toyoshima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Radiation Sciences Osaka University Toyonaka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atsushi","family":"Shinohara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Osaka University Toyonaka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takahiro","family":"Teramoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Radiation Sciences Osaka University Toyonaka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Hatazawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Nuclear Physics Osaka University Toyonaka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kei","family":"Kamada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New Industry Creation Hatchery Center (NICHe) Tohoku University Sendai Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akira","family":"Yoshikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New Industry Creation Hatchery Center (NICHe) Tohoku University Sendai Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(01)01585-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1568026611212230002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13277-011-0286-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10967-014-3615-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","first-page":"199S","article-title":"The promise of targeted alpha\u2010particle therapy","volume":"46","author":"Mulford DA","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","first-page":"1000136","article-title":"Targeted use of alpha particles: current status in cancer therapeutics","volume":"3","author":"Sartor O","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Nucl Med Radiat Ther"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/38\/8\/010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.118.222638"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0969-8051(94)00077-W"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"PaniR PellegriniR BennatiP et al.High spatial and energy resolution gamma imaging based on LaBr3:Ce continuous crystals. 2008 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record. 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