{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T15:20:48Z","timestamp":1773069648106,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,7]],"date-time":"2020-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602028800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Medical Physics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Melanoma is the most lethal of the three primary skin cancers, including also basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), which are less lethal. The accepted diagnosis process involves manually observing a suspicious lesion through a Dermascope (i.e., a magnifying glass), followed by a biopsy. This process relies on the skill and the experience of a dermatologist. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is no accepted automatic, noninvasive, and rapid method for the early detection of the three types of skin cancer, distinguishing between them and noncancerous lesions, and identifying each of them. It is our aim to develop such a system.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We developed a fiber\u2010optic evanescent wave spectroscopy (FEWS) system based on middle infrared (mid\u2010IR) transmitting AgClBr fibers and a Fourier\u2010transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR). We used the system to perform mid\u2010IR spectral measurements on suspicious lesions in 90 patients, before biopsy, <jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic>, and in real time. The lesions were then biopsied and sent for pathology. The spectra were analyzed and the differences between pathological and healthy tissues were found and correlated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Five of the lesions measured were identified as melanomas, seven as BCC, and three as SCC. Using mathematical analyses of the spectra of these lesions we were able to tell that all were skin cancers and we found specific and easily identifiable differences between them.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This FEWS method lends itself to rapid, automatic and noninvasive early detection and characterization of skin cancers. It will be easily implemented in community clinics and has the potential to greatly simplify the diagnosis process.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.14471","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,24]],"date-time":"2020-09-24T18:45:09Z","timestamp":1600973109000},"page":"5523-5530","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Technical Note: Noninvasive mid\u2010IR fiber\u2010optic evanescent wave spectroscopy (FEWS) for early detection of skin cancers"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Svetlana","family":"Basov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Tel Aviv University 30 Haim Levanon Tel Aviv 6997801 Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yair","family":"Dankner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenkar College of Engineering and Design 12 Anne Frank Ramat Gan 52526 Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcelo","family":"Weinstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuclear Research Center Negev P.O.B. 9001 Beer Sheva 8419001 Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abraham","family":"Katzir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physics and Astronomy Tel Aviv University 30 Haim Levanon Tel Aviv\u2010Yafo 6997801 Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Max","family":"Platkov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuclear Research Center Negev P.O.B. 9001 Beer Sheva 8419001 Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","unstructured":"Key Statistics for Basal and Squamous Cell Skin Cancers.https:\/\/www.cancer.org\/cancer\/basal\u2010and\u2010squamous\u2010cell\u2010skin\u2010cancer\/about\/key\u2010statistics.html. Accessed June 23 2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","unstructured":"Melanoma Skin Cancer Stages.https:\/\/www.cancer.org\/cancer\/melanoma\u2010skin\u2010cancer\/detection\u2010diagnosis\u2010staging\/melanoma\u2010skin\u2010cancer\u2010stages.html. Accessed September 2 2019."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15384047.2019.1640032"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(02)00679-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2008.08713.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2019.01457"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13671-018-0218-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","first-page":"CD013189","article-title":"Optical coherence tomography for diagnosing skin cancer in adults","volume":"2018","author":"Ferrante di Ruffano L","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-018-2696-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","first-page":"CD013188","article-title":"High\u2010frequency ultrasound for diagnosing skin cancer in adults","volume":"2018","author":"Dinnes J","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.det.2017.06.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-11-4061"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/srt.12350"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","volume-title":"Internal Reflection Spectroscopy","author":"Harrick NJ","year":"1967"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","volume-title":"Internal Reflection Spectroscopy: Review and Supplement","author":"Mirabella FM","year":"1985"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","volume-title":"Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy of Biological Materials","author":"Gremlich H\u2010U","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2011.10283.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2860(96)09461-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07391102.2017.1298469"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/0470027320.s8107"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0145-2126(85)90070-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0145-2126(96)00019-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.1999.00612.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2010.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1081\/ASR-100106156"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","first-page":"175","article-title":"Quantification of water content in biological tissues by proton nuclear magnetic resonance","volume":"16","author":"Fukuzaki M","year":"1991","journal-title":"Tokai J Exp Clin Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MitraC.Mid\u2010Infrared Spectroscopy and Challenges in Industrial Environment. In:Infrared Spectroscopy \u2010 Principles Advances and Applications. IntechOpen;2019.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5772\/intechopen.80657","DOI":"10.5772\/intechopen.80657"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ArtyushenkoVG BocharnikovA ColquhounG et al.Mid IR\u2010fiber spectroscopy in the 2\u201317\u03bcm range. Proceedings Volume 6739 Electro\u2010Optical Remote Sensing Detection and Photonic Technologies and Their Applications; 673908 (2007) Optics\/Photonics in Security and Defence 2007 Florence Italy.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1117\/12.752056","DOI":"10.1117\/12.752056"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vibspec.2008.02.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ArtioushenkoVG LermanAA KryukovAP et al.MIR fiber spectroscopy for minimal invasive diagnostics. Proceedings Volume 2631 Medical and Fiber Optic Sensors and Delivery Systems;1995.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1117\/12.229171","DOI":"10.1117\/12.229171"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ArtioushenkoVG IonovVN KalaidjianKI et al.Infrared fibers: power delivery and medical applications. In: Harrington JA Harris DM Katzir A eds. Proc. SPIE. Vol 2396. SPIE;1995:25\u201336.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1117\/12.208409.","DOI":"10.1117\/12.208409"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-4005(97)80175-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1081\/ASR-100106157"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C8AN01396A"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2011.10239.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"GoldbergI ShushanA BrennerS et al.Infrared fiber optic spectroscopy: a novel tool for skin diagnosis. In:Pros. SPIE. Vol 5321.;2004:44\u201350.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1117\/12.528961","DOI":"10.1117\/12.528961"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-56333-5_4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s16101659"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.354191"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/2944.577309"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01468039708221254"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/3.540899"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1145561"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-4005(98)00231-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1366\/000370208783575456"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","first-page":"1131","article-title":"FT\u2010IR spectroscopy study in early diagnosis of skin cancer","volume":"31","author":"Kyriakidou M","year":"2017","journal-title":"Invivo"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"A pilot study for distinguishing basal cell carcinoma from normal human skin tissues using visible resonance Raman spectroscopy","volume":"5","author":"Liu C","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Cancer Metastasis Treat"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5504\/BBEQ.2013.0106"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c2an35483g"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ma12182884"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1100\/tsw.2005.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"BeljebbarA GatouillatG MorjaniH ManfaitM MadouletC.Characterization of Melanoma Progression on Animal Model Using Fourier Transform Infrared Mapping. In: Tanaka Y ed. Breakthroughs in Melanoma Research. InTech;2011.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5772\/22078","DOI":"10.5772\/22078"}],"container-title":["Medical Physics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mp.14471","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/mp.14471","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mp.14471","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]],"date-time":"2023-09-01T04:59:05Z","timestamp":1693544345000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/mp.14471"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,7]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/mp.14471"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mp.14471","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0094-2405","2473-4209"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0094-2405","type":"print"},{"value":"2473-4209","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-03-16","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-08-31","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-10-07","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}