{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T21:59:55Z","timestamp":1771019995098,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,18]],"date-time":"2021-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1631923200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Medical Physics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Spectroscopic X\u2010ray detectors (SXDs) are under development for X\u2010ray imaging applications. Recent efforts to extend the detective quantum efficiency (DQE) to SXDs impose a barrier to experimentation and\/or do not provide a task\u2010independent measure of detector performance. The purpose of this article is to define a task\u2010independent DQE for SXDs that can be measured using a modest extension of established DQE\u2010metrology\u00a0methods.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We defined a task\u2010independent spectroscopic DQE and performed a simulation study to determine the relationship between the zero\u2010frequency DQE and the ideal\u2010observer signal\u2010to\u2010noise ratio (SNR) of low\u2010frequency soft\u2010tissue, bone, iodine, and gadolinium signals. In our simulations, we used calibrated models of the spatioenergetic response of cadmium telluride (CdTe) and cadmium\u2013zinc\u2013telluride (CdZnTe) SXDs. We also measured the zero\u2010frequency DQE of a CdTe detector with two energy bins and of a CdZnTe detector with up to six energy bins for an RQA9 spectrum and compared with model\u00a0predictions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The spectroscopic DQE accounts for spectral distortions, energy\u2010bin\u2010dependent spatial resolution, interbin spatial noise correlations, and intrabin spatial noise correlations; it is mathematically equivalent to the squared SNR per unit fluence of the generalized least\u2010squares estimate of the height of an X\u2010ray impulse in a uniform noisy background. The zero\u2010frequency DQE has a strong linear relationship with the ideal\u2010observer SNR of low\u2010frequency soft\u2010tissue, bone, iodine, and gadolinium signals, and can be expressed in terms of the product of the quantum efficiency and a Swank noise factor that accounts for DQE degradation due to, for example, charge sharing (CS) and electronic noise. The spectroscopic Swank noise factor of the CdTe detector was measured to be 0.81  0.04 and 0.83  0.04 with and without anticoincidence logic for CS suppression, respectively. The spectroscopic Swank noise factor of the CdZnTe detector operated with four energy bins was measured to be 0.82  0.02 which is within 5% of the theoretical value.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The spectroscopic DQE defined here is (1) task\u2010independent, (2) can be measured using a modest extension of existing DQE\u2010metrology methods, and (3) is predictive of the ideal\u2010observer SNR of soft\u2010tissue, bone, iodine, and gadolinium signals. For CT applications, the combination of CS and electronic noise in CdZnTe spectroscopic detectors will degrade the zero\u2010frequency DQE by 10\u00a0%\u201320\u00a0% depending on the electronic noise level and pixel size.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.15194","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,30]],"date-time":"2021-08-30T15:28:47Z","timestamp":1630337327000},"page":"6781-6799","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["A detective quantum efficiency for spectroscopic X\u2010ray imaging detectors"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Jesse","family":"Tanguay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics Ryerson University  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Devon","family":"Richtsmeier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Victoria  Victoria British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Dydula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics Ryerson University  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James A.","family":"Day","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics Ryerson University  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kris","family":"Iniewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Redlen Technologies  Saanichton British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Magdalena","family":"Bazalova\u2010Carter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Victoria  Victoria British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00223638.1963.11736919"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSAA.16.000621"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/30\/6\/001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","volume-title":"ICRU Report 54: Medical Imaging\u2014The Assessment of image Quality","author":"Vennart W","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","volume-title":"IEC 622201: Medical Electrical Equipment\u2014Characteristics of Digital X\u2010Ray Imaging Devices. 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