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A full exploitation of the combination of different frequencies to improve the deposition pattern is, however, a nontrivial problem. It is unclear whether the cost functions used for hyperthermia treatment planning (HTP) optimization in the single\u2010frequency setting can be meaningfully extended to the UWB case.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>We discuss the ability of the eigenvalue (EV) and a novel implementation of iterative\u2010EV (i\u2010EV) beam\u2010forming methods to fully exploit the available frequency spectrum when a discrete set of simultaneous operating frequencies is available for treatment. We show that the quadratic power deposition ratio solved by the methods can be maximized by only one frequency in the set, therefore rendering EV inadequate for UWB treatment planning. We further investigate whether this represents a limitation in two realistic test cases, comparing the thermal distributions resulting from EV and i\u2010EV to those obtained by optimizing for other nonlinear cost functions that allow for\u00a0multi\u2010frequency.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The classical EV\u2010based single\u2010frequency HTP yields systematically lower target SAR deposition and temperature values than nonlinear HTP. In a larynx target, the proposed single\u2010frequency i\u2010EV scheme is able to compensate for this and reach temperatures comparable to those given by global nonlinear optimization. In a meninges target, the multi\u2010frequency setting outperforms the single\u2010frequency one, achieving better target coverage and  higher  in the tumor than single\u2010frequency\u2010based\u00a0HTP.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Classical EV performs poorly in terms of resulting target temperatures. The proposed single\u2010frequency i\u2010EV scheme can be a viable option depending on the patient and tumor to be treated, as long as the proper operating frequency can be selected across a UWB range. Multi\u2010frequency HTP can bring a considerable benefit in regions typically difficult to treat such as the\u00a0brain.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.15220","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,16]],"date-time":"2021-09-16T14:38:20Z","timestamp":1631803100000},"page":"7410-7426","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Suitability of eigenvalue beam\u2010forming for discrete multi\u2010frequency hyperthermia treatment planning"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Massimiliano","family":"Zanoli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering Chalmers University of Technology, G\u00f6teborg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hana Dob\u0161\u00ed\u010dek","family":"Trefn\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering Chalmers University of Technology, G\u00f6teborg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-53632-7.01009-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2020.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/02656736.2015.1099746"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers11010060"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/02656730903213374"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ZweijeR KokHP BakkerA BelA CrezeeJ.Technical and clinical evaluation of the ALBA\u20104D 70MHz loco\u2010regional hyperthermia system. 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