{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T07:42:45Z","timestamp":1772178165548,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,27]],"date-time":"2022-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643241600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21 EB024071"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21 EB024071"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 EB016966"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 EB016966"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["C06 RR018898"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C06 RR018898"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Medical Physics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To demonstrate the feasibility of simultaneous dual\u2010contrast imaging in a large animal using a newly developed dual\u2010source energy\u2010integrating detector (EID)\u2010based multi\u2010energy computed tomography (MECT) system.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Two imaging tasks that may have potential clinical applications were investigated: head\/neck (HN) CT angiography (CTA)\/CT venography (CTV) with iodine and gadolinium, and small bowel imaging with iodine and bismuth in domestic swine. Dual\u2010source X\u2010ray beam configurations of 70\u00a0kV + Au120\/Sn120 kV and 70\u00a0kV + Au140\/Sn140 kV were used for the HN\u2010CTA\/CTV and small bowel imaging studies, respectively. A test bolus scan was performed for each study. The regions of interest (ROIs) in the carotid artery and jugular vein for HN\u2010CTA\/CTV imaging and abdominal aorta for small bowel imaging were used to determine the time\u2010attenuation curves, based on which the timing for contrast injection and the CT scan was determined. In the HN\u2010CTA\/CTV study, an MECT scan was performed at the time point corresponding to the optimal arterial enhancement by iodine and the optimal venous enhancement by gadolinium. In the small bowel imaging study, an MECT scan was performed at the optimal time point to simultaneously capture the mesenteric arterial enhancement of iodine and the enteric enhancement of bismuth. Image\u2010based material decomposition was performed to decompose different materials for each study. To quantitatively characterize contrast material separation and misclassification, two ROIs on left common carotid artery and left internal jugular vein in HN\u2010CTA\/CTV imaging and three ROIs on superior mesenteric artery, ileal lumen, and collapsed ileum (ileal wall) in small bowel imaging were placed to measure the mean concentration values and the standard deviations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the HN\u2010CTA\/CTV study, common carotid arteries containing iodine and internal\/external jugular veins containing gadolinium were clearly delineated from each other. Fine vessels such as cephalic veins and branches of external jugular veins were noticeable but clear visualization was hindered by image noise in gadolinium\u2010specific (CTV) images, as reviewed by a neuroradiologist. In the small bowel imaging study, the mesenteric arteries and collapsed bowel wall containing iodine and the small bowel loops containing bismuth were clearly distinctive from each other in the iodine\u2010 and bismuth\u2010specific images after material decomposition, as reviewed by an abdominal radiologist. Quantitative analyses showed that the misclassifications between the two contrast materials were less than 1.7 and 0.1\u00a0mg\/ml for CTA\/CTV and small bowel imaging studies, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Feasibility of simultaneous CTA\/CTV imaging in head and neck with iodine and gadolinium and simultaneous imaging of arterial and enteric phases of small bowel with iodine and bismuth, using a dual\u2010source EID\u2010MECT system, was demonstrated in a swine study. Compared to iodine and gadolinium in CTA\/CTV, better delineation and classification of iodine and bismuth in small bowel imaging were achieved mainly due to wider separation between the corresponding two K\u2010edge energies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.15448","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,12]],"date-time":"2022-01-12T07:39:21Z","timestamp":1641973161000},"page":"1458-1467","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Simultaneous dual\u2010contrast imaging using energy\u2010integrating detector multi\u2010energy CT: An in vivo feasibility study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Zhongxing","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Mayo Clinic  Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liqiang","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Mayo Clinic  Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kishore","family":"Rajendran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Mayo Clinic  Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Felix E.","family":"Diehn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Mayo Clinic  Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joel G.","family":"Fletcher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Mayo Clinic  Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cynthia H.","family":"McCollough","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Mayo Clinic  Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lifeng","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Mayo Clinic  Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-017-5252-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.12301"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s41747-017-0030-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/RCT.0b013e3182606baf"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","unstructured":"StaymanJW TilleySII Model\u2010based multi\u2010material decomposition using spatial\u2010spectral CT filters.Proc. 5th Int. 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