{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T03:19:13Z","timestamp":1787800753517,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,4]],"date-time":"2022-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643932800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Medical Physics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Internal motion of the larynx can cause normal tissue toxicity and\/or tumor underdosage during radiotherapy. MR\u2010guided radiation therapy (MRgRT) provides improved soft\u2010tissue contrast for patient setup and real\u2010time gating of radiation based on <jats:italic>cine<\/jats:italic> imaging of tumor motion, potentially making it an advantageous modality for laryngeal treatments. However, there are potential concerns regarding the small target size, proximity to heterogeneous tissue interfaces in the airway that may cause dosimetric errors in the presence of the magnetic field, and uncertainty about the ability of MR\u2010linear accelerator (MR\u2010Linac) systems to visualize and track laryngeal motion. To date, there have been no reports of the use of MRgRT for laryngeal treatments.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A healthy volunteer was imaged on a ViewRay MRIdian MR\u2010Linac. Organs\u2010at\u2010risk and a laryngeal pseudo target were contoured and used to generate a stereotactic body radiotherapy plan. A custom phantom was created using 3D\u2010printing based on structures delineated on the volunteer images to construct an enclosure containing the target and airway anatomy, with a gap for radiochromic film, and filled with gelatin . The treatment plan was mapped onto the phantom and delivered dose assessed on radiochromic film with global normalization and a 10% dose threshold. A <jats:italic>cine<\/jats:italic> MR of the volunteer was acquired to assess the magnitude of larynx motion with speaking and swallowing, and system's ability to gate radiation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A clinically acceptable laryngeal treatment plan and larynx phantom that was MR and computed tomography\u2010visible were successfully created. The delivered dose had good agreement with the treatment plan with a gamma passing rate of 96.5% (3%\/2\u00a0mm). The MR\u2010Linac was able to visualize, track, and gate larynx motion.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The MRgRT workflow for laryngeal treatments was assessed and performed in preparation for clinical implementation on the MR\u2010Linac, demonstrating that it is feasible to treat laryngeal cancer patients on the MR\u2010Linac.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.15472","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,28]],"date-time":"2022-01-28T20:49:25Z","timestamp":1643402965000},"page":"1814-1821","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Technical note: Toward implementation of MR\u2010guided radiation therapy for laryngeal cancer with healthy volunteer imaging and a custom MR\u2010CT larynx phantom"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Huynh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology Dana\u2010Farber Cancer Institute Harvard Medical School Brigham and Women's Hospital  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"London Regional Cancer Program London Health Sciences Centre  London Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Boyle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology Dana\u2010Farber Cancer Institute Harvard Medical School Brigham and Women's Hospital  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Campbell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology Dana\u2010Farber Cancer Institute Harvard Medical School Brigham and Women's Hospital  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Penney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology Dana\u2010Farber Cancer 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