{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T17:50:46Z","timestamp":1790013046190,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,8]],"date-time":"2022-03-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646697600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Medical Physics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the impact of beam quality in terms of distal fall\u2010off (DFO, 90%\u201310%) and lateral penumbra (LP, 80%\u201320%) of single beam ocular proton therapy (OPT) and to derive resulting ideal requirements for future systems.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nine different beam models with DFO varying between 1 and 4\u00a0mm and LP between 1 and 4\u00a0mm were created. Beam models were incorporated into the RayStation with RayOcular treatment planning system version 10 B (RaySearch Laboratories, Stockholm, Sweden). Each beam model was applied for eight typical clinical cases, covering different sizes and locations of uveal melanoma. Plans with and without an additional wedge were created, resulting in 117 plans with a total prescribed median dose of 60\u00a0Gy(RBE) to the clinical target volume. Treatment plans were analyzed in terms of V20\u2013V80 penumbra volume, D1 (dose to 1% of the volume) for optic disc and macula, optic nerve V30 (volume receiving 30\u00a0Gy(RBE), i.e., 50% of prescription), as well as average dose to lens and ciliary body. An LP\u2010dependent aperture margin was based on estimated uncertainties, ranging from 1.7 to 4.0\u00a0mm.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>V20\u2013V80 showed a strong influence by LP, while DFO was less relevant. The optic disc D1 reached an extra dose of up to 3000\u00a0cGy(RBE), comparing the defined technical limit of DFO\u00a0=\u00a0LP\u00a0=\u00a01\u00a0mm with DFO\u00a0=\u00a03\u00a0mm\/LP\u00a0=\u00a04\u00a0mm. The latter may result from a pencil\u2010beam scanning (PBS) system with static apertures. Plans employing a wedge showed an improvement for organs at risk sparing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Plan quality is strongly influenced by initial beam parameters. The impact of LP is more pronounced when compared to DFO. The latter becomes important in the treatment of posterior tumors near the macula, optic disc or optic nerve. The plan quality achieved by dedicated OPT nozzles in single\u2010 or double\u2010scattering design might not be achievable with modified PBS systems.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.15573","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,26]],"date-time":"2022-02-26T04:38:10Z","timestamp":1645850290000},"page":"3481-3488","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Technical note: Impact of beam properties for uveal melanoma proton therapy\u2014An in silico planning study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"J\u00f6rg","family":"Wulff","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"West German Proton Therapy Centre Essen (WPE)  Essen Germany"},{"name":"University Hospital Essen  Essen Germany"},{"name":"West German Cancer Centre (WTZ)  Essen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Koska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"West German Proton Therapy Centre Essen (WPE)  Essen Germany"},{"name":"University Hospital Essen  Essen Germany"},{"name":"West German Cancer Centre (WTZ)  Essen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Janson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RaySearch Laboratories  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"B\u00e4umer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"West German Proton Therapy Centre Essen (WPE)  Essen Germany"},{"name":"University Hospital Essen  Essen Germany"},{"name":"West German Cancer Centre (WTZ)  Essen Germany"},{"name":"German Cancer Consortium (DKTK)  Heidelberg Germany"},{"name":"TU Dortmund University  Dortmund Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Denker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Helmholtz\u2010Zentrum Berlin f\u00fcr Materialien und Energie  Protonentherapie Germany"},{"name":"Beuth\u2010Hochschule f\u00fcr Technik  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dirk","family":"Geismar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"West German Proton Therapy Centre Essen (WPE)  Essen Germany"},{"name":"University Hospital Essen  Essen Germany"},{"name":"West German Cancer Centre (WTZ)  Essen Germany"},{"name":"Department of Particle Therapy  Essen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johannes","family":"Gollrad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin Department of Radiation Oncology and Radiotherapy  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beate","family":"Timmermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"West German Proton Therapy Centre Essen (WPE)  Essen Germany"},{"name":"University Hospital Essen  Essen Germany"},{"name":"West German Cancer Centre (WTZ)  Essen Germany"},{"name":"German Cancer Consortium (DKTK)  Heidelberg Germany"},{"name":"Department of Particle Therapy  Essen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jens","family":"Heufelder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin Department of Ophthalmology  Berlin Germany"},{"name":"Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin BerlinProtonen am Helmholtz\u2010Zentrum f\u00fcr Materialien und Energie  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.595258"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2016.01.040"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2021.01.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(01)01560-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2015.06.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.4842455"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.15024"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"KacperekA.Ocular proton therapy centers. 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