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Scatter artifacts may induce cupping and streak artifacts and lead to a reduced image contrast and wrong CT values of the reconstructed volumes. Established software\u2010based approaches for a correction of scattered radiation typically rely on prior knowledge of the CT system, scan parameters, the scanned object, or all of the\u00a0aforementioned.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study proposes a simple and effective postprocessing software\u2010based correction method of scatter artifacts in CBCT scans without specific prior\u00a0knowledge.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We propose the empirical scatter correction (ESC), which generates scatter\u2010like basis images from each projection image by convolution operations. A linear combination of these basis images is subtracted from the original projection image. The logarithm is taken and an FDK reconstruction is performed. The coefficients needed for the linear combination are determined automatically by a downhill simplex algorithm such that the resulting reconstructed images show no scatter artifacts. We demonstrate the potential of ESC by correcting simulated volumes with Monte Carlo scatter artifacts, a head phantom scan performed on our table\u2010top CBCT, and a pelvis scan from a Varian Edge CBCT\u00a0scanner.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>ESC is able to improve the image quality of CBCT scans, which is shown on the basis of our simulations and on measured data. For a simulated head CT, the CT value difference to the scatter\u2010free reference image was as low as \u22126 HU after using ESC, whereas the uncorrected data deviated by more than \u2212200 HU from the reference data. Simulations of thorax and abdomen CT scans show that although scatter artifacts are not fully removed, anatomical features which were hard to discover prior to the correction become clearly visible and better segmentable with ESC. Similar results are obtained in the phantom measurement, where a comparison to a slit scan of our head phantom shows only small differences. The CT values in soft tissue are improved in this measurement, as well. In soft tissue areas with severe scatter artifacts, the CT values agree well with those of the slit scan (difference to slit scan: 35\u00a0HU corrected and \u2212289 HU uncorrected). Scatter artifacts in measured patient data can also be reduced using the proposed ESC. The results are comparable to those achieved with designated correction algorithms installed on the Varian Edge CBCT system.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>ESC allows to reduce artifacts caused by patient scatter solely based on the projection\u00a0data.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.15656","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,7]],"date-time":"2022-04-07T19:39:26Z","timestamp":1649360366000},"page":"4566-4584","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Empirical scatter correction: CBCT scatter artifact reduction without prior information"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Philip","family":"Trapp","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of X\u2010Ray Imaging and Computed Tomography German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)  Heidelberg Germany"},{"name":"Department of Physics and Astronomy 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Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Kachelrie\u00df","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of X\u2010Ray Imaging and Computed Tomography German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)  Heidelberg Germany"},{"name":"Medical Faculty Ruprecht\u2010Karls\u2010University  Heidelberg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.1286590"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.1339879"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/52\/6\/004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.3599033"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.3589140"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","first-page":"597","article-title":"Space\u2013the unknown 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