{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T02:47:53Z","timestamp":1777430873827,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,24]],"date-time":"2022-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666569600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Medical Physics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Transarterial radioembolization (TARE) is a treatment modality for liver tumors during which radioactive microspheres are injected into the hepatic arterial system. These microspheres distribute throughout the liver as a result of the blood flow until they are trapped in the arterioles because of their size. Holmium\u2010166 (<jats:sup>166<\/jats:sup>Ho)\u2010loaded microspheres used for TARE can be visualized and quantified with MRI, as holmium is a paramagnetic metal and locally increases the transverse relaxation rate . The current <jats:sup>166<\/jats:sup>Ho quantification method does not take regional differences in baseline  values (such as between tumors and healthy tissue) into account, which intrinsically results in a systematic error in the estimated absorbed dose distribution. As this estimated absorbed dose distribution can be used to predict response to treatment of tumors and potential toxicity in healthy tissue, a high accuracy of absorbed dose estimation is required.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate pre\u2010existing differences in  distributions between tumor tissue and healthy tissue and assess the feasibility and accuracy of voxelwise subtraction\u2010based  calculation for MRI\u2010based dosimetry of holmium\u2010166 transarterial radioembolization (<jats:sup>166<\/jats:sup>Ho TARE).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>MRI data obtained in six patients who underwent <jats:sup>166<\/jats:sup>Ho TARE of the liver as part of a clinical study was retrospectively evaluated. Pretreatment differences in  distributions between tumor tissue and healthy tissue were characterized. Same\u2010day pre\u2010 and post\u2010treatment  maps were aligned using a deformable registration algorithm and subsequently subtracted to generate voxelwise  maps and resultant absorbed dose maps. Image registration accuracy was quantified using the dice similarity coefficient (DSC), relative overlay (RO), and surface dice (\u22644\u00a0mm; SDSC). Voxelwise subtraction\u2010based absorbed dose maps were quantitatively (root\u2010mean\u2010square error, RMSE) and visually compared to the current MRI\u2010based mean subtraction method and routinely used SPECT\u2010based dosimetry.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pretreatment  values were lower in tumors than in healthy liver tissue (mean 36.8 s<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> vs. 55.7 s<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.004). Image registration improved the mean DSC of 0.83 (range: 0.70\u20130.88) to 0.95 (range: 0.92\u20130.97), mean RO of 0.71 (range 0.53\u20130.78) to 0.90 (range: 0.86\u20130.94), and mean SDSC \u22644\u00a0mm of 0.47 (range: 0.28\u20130.67) to 0.97 (range: 0.96\u20130.98). Voxelwise subtraction\u2010based absorbed dose maps yielded a higher tumor\u2010absorbed dose (median increase of 9.0%) and lower healthy liver\u2010absorbed dose (median decrease of 13.8%) compared to the mean subtraction method. Voxelwise subtraction\u2010based absorbed dose maps corresponded better to SPECT\u2010based absorbed dose maps, reflected by a lower RMSE in three of six patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Voxelwise subtraction presents a robust alternative method for MRI\u2010based dosimetry of <jats:sup>166<\/jats:sup>Ho microspheres that accounts for pre\u2010existing  differences, and appears to correspond better with SPECT\u2010based dosimetry compared to the currently implemented mean subtraction method.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.16014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,6]],"date-time":"2022-10-06T23:54:40Z","timestamp":1665100480000},"page":"935-946","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Improving MRI\u2010based dosimetry for holmium\u2010166 transarterial radioembolization using a nonrigid image registration for voxelwise \u0394R2\u2217$\\Delta R_2^*$ calculation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Joey","family":"Roosen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Imaging Radboud Institute for Health Sciences Radboud University Medical Center  Nijmegen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meike W. M.","family":"van Wijk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Imaging Radboud Institute for Health Sciences Radboud University Medical Center  Nijmegen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lovisa E. L.","family":"Westlund Gotby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Imaging Radboud Institute for Health Sciences Radboud University Medical Center  Nijmegen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark J.","family":"Arntz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Imaging Radboud Institute for Health Sciences Radboud University Medical Center  Nijmegen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcel J. R.","family":"Janssen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Imaging Radboud Institute for Health Sciences Radboud University Medical Center  Nijmegen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daphne","family":"Lobeek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Imaging Radboud Institute for Health Sciences Radboud University Medical Center  Nijmegen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gerrit H.","family":"van de Maat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"R&amp;D Imaging &amp; Software Quirem Medical B.V.  Deventer the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christiaan G.","family":"Overduin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Imaging Radboud Institute for Health Sciences Radboud University Medical Center  Nijmegen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. Frank W.","family":"Nijsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Imaging Radboud Institute for Health Sciences Radboud University Medical Center  Nijmegen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(20)30290-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","article-title":"Relationship of tumor radiation\u2010absorbed dose to survival and response in hepatocellular carcinoma treated with transarterial radioembolization with (90)Y in the SARAH study","author":"Hermann AL","year":"2020","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.119.232751"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-021-05340-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s41181-019-0066-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.113.119768"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2312030594"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.20320"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.21785"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-9966-29-70"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(12)70334-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-012-2648-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2014.2330355"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-022-05902-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.23593"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.13024"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2011.12.085"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","first-page":"11S","article-title":"MIRD pamphlet No. 17: the dosimetry of nonuniform activity distributions\u2013radionuclide S values at the voxel level. 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