{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T17:06:20Z","timestamp":1783703180748,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,17]],"date-time":"2023-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01EY029489"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01EY029489"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R41EY031219"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R41EY031219"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K08EY027458"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K08EY027458"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007279","name":"Alliance for Vision Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007279","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001818","name":"Research to Prevent Blindness","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001818","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"National Eye Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30 EY007003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 EY007003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Medical Physics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Age\u2010related macular degeneration (AMD) is a major cause of irreversible central vision loss. The main reason for lost vision due to AMD is choroidal neovascularization (CNV). In the clinic, current treatments for CNV include photodynamic therapy, laser photocoagulation, and anti\u2010vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study evaluates a novel treatment technique combining synchronized nanosecond laser pulses and ultrasound bursts, namely photo\u2010mediated ultrasound therapy (PUT) as a potential treatment method for CNV, for its efficacy and safety in the treatment of CNV via the experiments in a clinically\u2010relevant rabbit model in vivo.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>CNV was created by subretinal injection of Matrigel and vascular endothelial growth factor (M&amp;V) in 10 New Zealand white rabbits. Six rabbits were used in the PUT group. In the control groups, two rabbits were treated by laser\u2010only, and two rabbits were treated by ultrasound\u2010only. The treatment efficacy was evaluated through fundus photography and fluorescein angiography (FA) longitudinally for up to 4\u00a0weeks. Rabbits were sacrificed for histopathology 3 months after treatment to examine the safety of PUT.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The fluorescein leakage on FA was quantified to longitudinally evaluate treatment outcome. Compared with baseline, the relative intensity index was reduced by 26.57%\u00a0\u00b1\u00a08.66% at 3 days after treatment, 27.24%\u00a0\u00b1\u00a06.21% at 1\u00a0week after treatment, 27.79%\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.61% at 2\u00a0weeks after treatment, and 32.12%\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03.23% at 4\u00a0weeks after treatment, all with a statistically significant difference of <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.01. The comparison between the relative intensity indexes from the two control groups (laser\u2010only treatment and ultrasound\u2010only treatment) did not show any statistically significant difference at all time points. Safety evaluation at 3 months with histopathology demonstrated that the PUT did not result in morphologic changes to the neurosensory retina.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study introduces PUT for the first time for the treatment of CNV. The results demonstrated good efficacy and safety of PUT to treat CNV in a clinically\u2010relevant rabbit model. With a single session of treatment, PUT can safely reduce the leakage of CNV for at least 1 month after treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.16404","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,8]],"date-time":"2023-04-08T12:53:22Z","timestamp":1680958402000},"page":"3661-3670","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Choroidal neovascularization removal with photo\u2010mediated ultrasound therapy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Mingyang","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Michigan  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Van Phuc","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences University of Michigan  Ann Arbor Michigan 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