{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]],"date-time":"2025-05-13T15:39:42Z","timestamp":1747150782534,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,24]],"date-time":"2023-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682294400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Medical Physics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>With the introduction of prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET\/CT, the detection rate of prostate cancer metastases has improved significantly, both for primary staging and for biochemical recurrence. EANM\/SNMMI guidelines recommend a 60\u00a0min time interval between [<jats:sup>68<\/jats:sup>Ga]Ga\u2010PSMA administration and acquisition.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study evaluates the possibility of a shorter time interval by investigating the dynamic change in image quality measures.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>We retrospectively analyzed 10 consecutive prostate cancer patients who underwent a dynamic whole body [<jats:sup>68<\/jats:sup>Ga]Ga\u2010PSMA\u201011 PET\/CT of 75\u00a0min from skull vertex to mid\u2010thigh using Siemens FlowMotion. PET images were acquired directly after injection of 1.5\u00a0MBq\/kg [<jats:sup>68<\/jats:sup>Ga]Ga\u2010PSMA\u201011. Image quality measures included lesion maximum standardized uptake value corrected for lean body mass (SUL<jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>), tumor\u2010to\u2010background ratio (TBR), and contrast\u2010to\u2010noise ratio (CNR). Quantitative analysis of image quality in dynamic PET was performed using PMOD (version 4.2). Regions of interest (ROIs), drawn included different types of prostate lesions (primary tumor, lymph nodes, and bone metastasis), organ tissue (liver, spleen, lacrimal gland, submandibular gland, parotid gland, urinary bladder, kidneys blood pool [ascending aorta], left ventricle), bone tissue (4th lumbar vertebral body [L4]) and muscle tissue (gluteus maximus). To further investigate image quality four 10\u00a0min multi\u2010frame reconstructions with clinical parameters were made at different post\u2010injection times (15, 30, 45, and 60\u00a0min). A nuclear medicine physician performed a blinded lesion detectability evaluation on these multi\u2010frame reconstructions for different prostate cancer lesions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Six primary prostate tumors in seven patients with prostate in situ, 13 lymph node metastases in six patients and up to 12 bone metastases in three patients were found. The different prostate lesion types (lymph nodes metastases, bone metastases, and primary prostate tumor) all show an increase in average SUL<jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>, TBR, and CNR over time during the scan. The normalized average SUL<jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>, TBR, and CNR of the combined prostate lesions at 15, 30, and 45\u00a0min post\u2010injection scans were all significant <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05 lower from the 60\u00a0min post\u2010injection [<jats:sup>68<\/jats:sup>Ga]Ga\u2010PSMA\u201011 PET\/CT (9.5\u00a0\u00b1\u00a04.5, 12.7\u00a0\u00b1\u00a06.2, and 41.8\u00a0\u00b1\u00a024.5, respectively). At patient level, the reader concluded the same regarding the presence\/absence of primary prostate cancer recurrence, lymph node metastases, and\/or bone metastases on all &lt;60\u00a0min post\u2010injection [<jats:sup>68<\/jats:sup>Ga]Ga\u2010PSMA\u201011 PET\/CT's in comparison to the reference scan (60\u00a0min post\u2010injection). At lesion level, all bone metastases seen on the reference scan were also seen on all &lt;60\u00a0min post\u2010injection [<jats:sup>68<\/jats:sup>Ga]Ga\u2010PSMA\u201011 PET\/CT's but there were some lymph nodes (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a02) metastases missed on the 15, 30, and 45\u00a0min post\u2010injection scans. One lymph node metastasis on both the 15 and 30\u00a0min post\u2010injection [<jats:sup>68<\/jats:sup>Ga]Ga\u2010PSMA\u201011 PET\/CT's was missed and one lymph node metastasis was missed, only on the 45\u00a0min post\u2010injection [<jats:sup>68<\/jats:sup>Ga]Ga\u2010PSMA\u201011 PET\/CT.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Shorter post\u2010injection times (15, 30, and 45\u00a0min) compared to the recommended post\u2010injection time of 60\u00a0min are not optimal. However, the impact of a shorter time interval of 45\u00a0min instead of 60\u00a0min between [<jats:sup>68<\/jats:sup>Ga]Ga\u2010PSMA\u201011 administration and the start of PET\/CT acquisition on both image quality (SUL<jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>, TBR, and CNR) and lesion detection, while significant, is small.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.16429","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,24]],"date-time":"2023-04-24T17:34:31Z","timestamp":1682357671000},"page":"7619-7628","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Impact of uptake time on image quality of [<sup>68<\/sup>Ga]Ga\u2010PSMA\u201011 PET\/CT"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"50","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4406-2409","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Esm\u00e9e C. A.","family":"van der Sar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine University Medical Center Utrecht  Utrecht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5559-9012","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sebastiaan L. Meyer","family":"Viol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine University Medical Center Utrecht  Utrecht The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Amsterdam University Medical Center  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8824-8697","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arthur J. A. T.","family":"Braat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine University Medical Center Utrecht  Utrecht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8546-8283","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rob","family":"van Rooij","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine University Medical Center Utrecht  Utrecht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4902-9790","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marnix G. E. H.","family":"Lam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine University Medical Center Utrecht  Utrecht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3000-8316","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hugo W. A. M.","family":"de Jong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine University Medical Center Utrecht  Utrecht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6270-9483","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bart","family":"de Keizer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine University Medical Center Utrecht  Utrecht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JU.0000000000000531"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.118.222505"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259\u2010017\u20103711\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","unstructured":"European Association of Urology.EAU\u2010EANM\u2010ESTRO\u2010ESUR\u2010SIOG Guidelines on Prostate Cancer 2020. 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