{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,15]],"date-time":"2026-03-15T14:51:39Z","timestamp":1773586299019,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,19]],"date-time":"2023-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689724800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP17ck0106303"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP17ck0106303"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Medical Physics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Both geometric and dosimetric components are commonly considered when determining the margin for planning target volume (PTV). As dose distribution is shaped by controlling beam aperture in peripheral dose prescription and dose\u2010escalated simultaneously integrated boost techniques, adjusting the margin by incorporating the variable dosimetric component into the PTV margin is inappropriate; therefore, geometric components should be accurately estimated for margin calculations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>We introduced an asymmetric margin\u2010calculation theory using the guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement (GUM) and intra\u2010fractional motion. The margins in fiducial marker\u2010based real\u2010time tumor tracking (RTTT) for lung, liver, and pancreatic cancers were calculated and were then evaluated using Monte Carlo (MC) simulations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 74\u00a0705, 73\u00a0235, and 164\u00a0968 sets of intra\u2010 and inter\u2010fractional positional data were analyzed for 48 lung, 48 liver, and 25 pancreatic cancer patients, respectively, in RTTT clinical trials. The 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles of the positional error were considered representative values of each fraction of the disease site. The population\u2010based statistics of the probability distributions of these representative positional errors (PD\u2010RPEs) were calculated in six directions. A margin covering 95% of the population was calculated using the proposed formula. The content rate in which the clinical target volume (CTV) was included in the PTV was calculated through MC simulations using the PD\u2010RPEs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The margins required for RTTT were at most 6.2, 4.6, and 3.9\u00a0mm for lung, liver, and pancreatic cancer, respectively. MC simulations revealed that the median content rates using the proposed margins satisfied 95% for lung and liver cancers and 93% for pancreatic cancer, closer to the expected rates than the margins according to van Herk's formula.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our proposed formula based on the GUM and motion probability distributions (MPD) accurately calculated the practical margin size for fiducial marker\u2010based RTTT. This was verified through MC simulations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.16614","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,19]],"date-time":"2023-07-19T15:41:10Z","timestamp":1689781270000},"page":"1561-1570","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Population\u2010based asymmetric margins for moving targets in real\u2010time tumor tracking"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Kito","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Advanced Medical Physics Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University Sakyo\u2010ku Kyoto Japan"},{"name":"Division of Radiation Oncology Department of Radiology Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital Bunkyo\u2010ku Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nobutaka","family":"Mukumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology and Image\u2010Applied Therapy Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University Sakyo\u2010ku Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mitsuhiro","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Advanced Medical Physics Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University Sakyo\u2010ku Kyoto Japan"},{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology and Image\u2010Applied Therapy Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University Sakyo\u2010ku Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroaki","family":"Tanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiological Technology Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital Kobe Hyogo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katsuyuki","family":"Karasawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Radiation Oncology Department of Radiology Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital Bunkyo\u2010ku Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masaki","family":"Kokubo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital Kobe Hyogo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Sakamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology Kyoto\u2010Katsura Hospital Nishikyo\u2010ku Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yusuke","family":"Iizuka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology and Image\u2010Applied Therapy Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University Sakyo\u2010ku Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michio","family":"Yoshimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology and Image\u2010Applied Therapy Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University Sakyo\u2010ku Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yukinori","family":"Matsuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology and Image\u2010Applied Therapy Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University Sakyo\u2010ku Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masahiro","family":"Hiraoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology Japanese Red Cross Society Wakayama Medical Center Wakayama Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Mizowaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology and Image\u2010Applied Therapy Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University Sakyo\u2010ku Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.2349696"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2005.11.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2008.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2014.01.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6560\/aa587d"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2007.08.067"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2012.04.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.4819940"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2015.11.049"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(02)03941-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2007.10.038"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JTO.0b013e3182307ec2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1120\/jacmp.v17i4.6114"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2017.05.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-40858-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2006.04.038"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.4754592"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.4817236"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.4794506"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2014.02.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2014.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.4907956"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2015.08.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2015.05.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.12351"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-35402-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-11128-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(00)00518-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2006.04.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2014.01.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.1809991"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","unstructured":"Evaluation of measurement data\u2014Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement International Organization for Standardization (ISO) Joint Committee for Guides in Metrology (JCGM 100 2008) corrected version 2010. Accessed April 1 2023.http:\/\/www.bipm.org\/utils\/common\/documents\/jcgm\/JCGM_100_2008_E.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2022.04.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2023.100591"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","volume-title":"Phase II Study of Dynamic Tumor Tracking Intensity\u2010Modulated Radiotherapy in Patients with Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer","author":"Kyoto University","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2015.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(96)00008-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(96)00477-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/58\/2\/319"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2015.05.004"}],"container-title":["Medical Physics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mp.16614","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,12]],"date-time":"2024-03-12T14:58:05Z","timestamp":1710255485000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/mp.16614"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,19]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/mp.16614"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mp.16614","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0094-2405","2473-4209"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0094-2405","type":"print"},{"value":"2473-4209","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-04-05","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-06-17","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-07-19","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}