{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T02:14:31Z","timestamp":1790907271217,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,26]],"date-time":"2023-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690329600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Medical Physics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Synovitis is one of the defining characteristics of osteoarthritis (OA) in the carpometacarpal (CMC1) joint of the thumb. Quantitative characterization of synovial volume is important for furthering our understanding of CMC1 OA disease progression, treatment response, and monitoring strategies. In previous studies, three\u2010dimensional ultrasound (3\u2010D US) has demonstrated the feasibility of being a point\u2010of\u2010care system for monitoring knee OA. However, 3\u2010D US has not been tested on the smaller joints of the hand, which presents unique physiological and imaging challenges.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To develop and validate a novel application of 3\u2010D US to monitor soft\u2010tissue characteristics of OA in a CMC1 OA patient population compared to the current gold standard, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A motorized submerged transducer moving assembly was designed for this device specifically for imaging the joints of the hands and wrist. The device used a linear 3\u2010D scanning approach, where a 14L5 2\u2010D transducer was translated over the region of interest. Two imaging phantoms were used to test the linear and volumetric measurement accuracy of the 3\u2010D US device. To evaluate the accuracy of the reconstructed 3\u2010D US geometry, a multilayer monofilament string\u2010grid phantom (10\u00a0mm square grid) was scanned. To validate the volumetric measurement capabilities of the system, a simulated synovial tissue phantom with an embedded synovial effusion was fabricated and imaged. Ten CMC1 OA patients were imaged by our 3\u2010D US and a 3.0 T MRI system to compare synovial volumes. The synovial volumes were manually segmented by two raters on the 2D slices of the 3D US reconstruction and MR images, to assess the accuracy and precision of the device for determining synovial tissue volumes. The Standard Error of Measurement and Minimal Detectable Change was used to assess the precision and sensitivity of the volume measurements. Paired sample t\u2010tests were used to assess statistical significance. Additionally, rater reliability was assessed using Intra\u2010Class Correlation (ICC) coefficients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The largest percent difference observed between the known physical volume of synovial extrusion in the phantom and the volume measured by our 3D US was 1.1% (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2010value\u00a0=\u00a00.03). The mean volume difference between the 3\u2010D US and the gold standard MRI was 1.78% (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2010value\u00a0=\u00a00.48). The 3\u2010D US synovial tissue volume measurements had a Standard Error Measurement (SE<jats:sub>m<\/jats:sub>) of 11.21\u00a0mm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup> and a Minimal Detectible Change (MDC) of 31.06\u00a0mm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>, while the MRI synovial tissue volume measurements had an SE<jats:sub>M<\/jats:sub> of 16.82\u00a0mm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup> and an MDC of 46.63\u00a0mm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>. Excellent inter\u2010 and intra\u2010rater reliability (ICCs\u00a0=\u00a00.94\u20130.99) observed across all imaging modalities and raters.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our results indicate the feasibility of applying 3\u2010D US technology to provide accurate and precise CMC1 synovial tissue volume measurements, similar to MRI volume measurements. Lower MDC and SE<jats:sub>m<\/jats:sub> values for 3\u2010D US volume measurements indicate that it is a precise measurement tool to assess synovial volume and that it is sensitive to variation between volume segmentations. The application of this imaging technique to monitor OA pathogenesis and treatment response over time at the patient's bedside should be thoroughly investigated in future studies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.16640","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,26]],"date-time":"2023-07-26T10:36:19Z","timestamp":1690367779000},"page":"1092-1104","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Three\u2010dimensional ultrasound to investigate synovitis in first carpometacarpal osteoarthritis: A feasibility study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Carla","family":"du Toit","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology Western University London Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Department of Health Sciences Western University London Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Robarts Research Institute Western University London Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Dima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences Western University London Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel","family":"Papernick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biophysics Western University London Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melanie","family":"Jonnalagadda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biophysics Western University London Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Tessier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biophysics Western University London Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Robarts Research Institute Western University London Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aaron","family":"Fenster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biophysics Western University London Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Robarts Research Institute Western University London Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Lalone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology Western University London Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Department of Health Sciences Western University London Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering Western University London Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2011.170"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2015.05.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).A National Public Health Agenda For: Osteoarthritis: 2020 Update 2020.https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/arthritis\/docs\/oaagenda2020.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","first-page":"218","volume-title":"Primer on the Rheumatic Diseases","author":"Klippel JH","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.111444"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2011.150078"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/14397595.2015.1130673"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2004.023564"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/ar3509"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2012.02.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2006.02.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22109"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075\u2010021\u201002436\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1759720%D7;10378373"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891\u2010019\u20102610\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075\u2010017\u20101229\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2020.109392"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2010.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1756\u2010185X.12390"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24312"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031\u20109155\/46\/5\/201"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2014.12.515"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/208025"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0161\u20107346(92)90064\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.2008.27.9.1321"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.25011\/cim.v30i4.2846"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2015.11.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocarto.2020.100127"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","volume-title":"Medical Imaging 2020: Image\u2010Guided Procedures, Robotic Interventions, and Modeling.","author":"Papernick S","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247\u2010017\u20103934\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/6906148"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469\u20100705.1998.12040227.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15557\/JoU.2017.0028"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2004.09.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247\u2010012\u20102592\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/aca.ACA_157_18"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895\u20104356(01)00407\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcm.2016.02.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","volume-title":"Development and Validation of Tools for Improving Intraoperative Implant Assessment with Ultrasound during Gynaecological Brachytherapy","author":"Rogers JR","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0887\u20102171(01)90018\u20106"}],"container-title":["Medical Physics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mp.16640","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,8]],"date-time":"2024-02-08T20:17:43Z","timestamp":1707423463000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/mp.16640"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,26]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/mp.16640"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mp.16640","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0094-2405","2473-4209"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0094-2405","type":"print"},{"value":"2473-4209","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-10-28","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-07-03","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-07-26","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}