{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T20:27:29Z","timestamp":1787603249778,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,15]],"date-time":"2023-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694736000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Medical Physics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Radiopharmaceutical therapy (RPT) is an increasingly adopted modality for treating cancer. There is evidence that the optimization of the treatment based on dosimetry can improve outcomes. However, standardization of the clinical dosimetry workflow still represents a major effort. Among the many sources of variability, the impact of using different Dose Voxel Kernels (DVKs) to generate absorbed dose (AD) maps by convolution with the time\u2010integrated activity (TIA) distribution has not been systematically investigated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aims to compare DVKs and assess the differences in the ADs when convolving the same TIA map with different DVKs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      DVKs of 3\u00a0\u00d7\u00a03\u00a0\u00d7\u00a03 mm\n                      <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                      sampling\u2014nine for\n                      <jats:sup>177<\/jats:sup>\n                      Lu, nine for\n                      <jats:sup>90<\/jats:sup>\n                      Y\u2014were selected from those most used in commercial\/free software or presented in prior publications. For each voxel within a 11\u00a0\u00d7\u00a011\u00a0\u00d7\u00a011 matrix, the coefficient of variation (CoV) and the percentage difference between maximum and minimum values (% maximum difference) were calculated. The total absorbed dose per decay (SUM), calculated as the sum of all the voxel values in each kernel, was also compared. Publicly available quantitative SPECT images for two patients treated with\n                      <jats:sup>177<\/jats:sup>\n                      Lu\u2010DOTATATE and PET images for two patients treated with\n                      <jats:sup>90<\/jats:sup>\n                      Y\u2010microspheres were used, including organs at risk (\n                      <jats:sup>177<\/jats:sup>\n                      Lu: kidneys;\n                      <jats:sup>90<\/jats:sup>\n                      Y: liver and healthy liver) and tumors\u2019 segmentations. For each patient, the mean AD to the volumes of interest (VOIs) was calculated using the different DVKs, the same TIA map and the same software tool for dose convolution, thereby focusing on the DVK impact.\u00a0For each VOI, the % maximum difference of the mean AD between maximum and minimum values was computed.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The CoV (% maximum difference) in voxels of normalized coordinates [0,0,0], [0,1,0], and [0,1,1] were 5%(21%), 9%(35%), and 10%(46%) for the\n                      <jats:sup>177<\/jats:sup>\n                      Lu DVKs. For the case of\n                      <jats:sup>90<\/jats:sup>\n                      Y, these values were 2%(9%), 4%(14%), and 4%(16%). The CoV (% maximum difference) for SUM was 9%(33%) for\n                      <jats:sup>177<\/jats:sup>\n                      Lu, and 4%(15%) for\n                      <jats:sup>90<\/jats:sup>\n                      Y. The variability of the mean tumor and organ AD was up to 19% and 15% in\n                      <jats:sup>177<\/jats:sup>\n                      Lu\u2010DOTATATE and\n                      <jats:sup>90<\/jats:sup>\n                      Y\u2010microspheres patients, respectively.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study showed a considerable AD variability due exclusively to the use of different DVKs. A concerted effort by the scientific community would contribute to decrease these discrepancies, strengthening the consistency of AD calculation in RPT.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.16729","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,15]],"date-time":"2023-09-15T10:12:59Z","timestamp":1694772779000},"page":"522-532","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Technical note: Impact of dose voxel kernel (DVK) values on dosimetry estimates in\n                    <sup>177<\/sup>\n                    Lu and\n                    <sup>90<\/sup>\n                    Y radiopharmaceutical therapy (RPT) applications"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Rachele","family":"Danieli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Physics Universit\u00e9 libre de Bruxelles (ULB) H\u00f4pital Universitaire de Bruxelles (H.U.B) Institut Jules Bordet Brussels Belgium"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Libre De Bruxelles (ULB) Radiophysics and MRI Physics Laboratory Brussels Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine Universit\u00e9 libre de Bruxelles (ULB)H\u00f4pital Universitaire de Bruxelles (H.U.B) Institut Jules Bordet Brussels Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniele","family":"Pistone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and of Morphologic and Functional Imaging (BIOMORF) University of Messina Messina Italy"},{"name":"National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN) section of Catania Catania Italy"},{"name":"Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica Universit\u00e0 degli Studi della Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d  Caserta Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Tranel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging University of California San Francisco San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Botta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Physics Unit Instituto Europeo di Oncologia IRCCS Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Uribe\u2010Munoz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada"},{"name":"Functional Imaging BC Cancer Vancouver British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Davide","family":"Raspanti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Temasinergie S.p.A., Via Marcello Malpighi 120 Faenza Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesc","family":"Salvat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultat de F\u00edsica (FQA and ICC) Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 645 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