{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T03:10:27Z","timestamp":1774926627516,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,7]],"date-time":"2023-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701907200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Medical Physics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Attenuation correction (AC) is an important methodical step in positron emission tomography\/magnetic resonance imaging (PET\/MRI) to correct for attenuated and scattered PET photons.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>The overall quality of magnetic resonance (MR)\u2010based AC in whole\u2010body PET\/MRI was evaluated in direct comparison to computed tomography (CT)\u2010based AC serving as reference. The quantitative impact of isolated tissue classes in the MR\u2010AC was systematically investigated to identify potential optimization needs and strategies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data of <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a060 whole\u2010body PET\/CT patients with normal lung tissue and without metal implants\/prostheses were used to generate six different AC\u2010models based on the CT data for each patient, simulating variations of MR\u2010AC. The original continuous CT\u2010AC (CT\u2010org) is referred to as reference. A pseudo MR\u2010AC (CT\u2010mrac), generated from CT data, with four tissue classes and a bone atlas represents the MR\u2010AC. Relative difference in linear attenuation coefficients (LAC) and standardized uptake values were calculated. From the results two improvements regarding soft tissue AC and lung AC were proposed and evaluated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The overall performance of MR\u2010AC is in good agreement compared to CT\u2010AC. Lungs, heart, and bone tissue were identified as the regions with most deviation to the CT\u2010AC (myocardium \u221215%, bone tissue \u221214%, and lungs \u00b120%). Using single\u2010valued LACs for AC in the lung only provides limited accuracy. For improved soft tissue AC, splitting the combined soft tissue class into muscles and organs each with adapted LAC could reduce the deviations to the CT\u2010AC to &lt;\u00a0\u00b11%. For improved lung AC, applying a gradient LAC in the lungs could remarkably reduce over\u2010 or undercorrections in PET signal compared to CT\u2010AC (\u00b15%).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The AC is important to ensure best PET image quality and accurate PET quantification for diagnostics and radiotherapy planning. The optimized segment\u2010based AC proposed in this study, which was evaluated on PET\/CT data, inherently reduces quantification bias in normal lung tissue and soft tissue compared to the CT\u2010AC reference.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.16863","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,8]],"date-time":"2023-12-08T05:15:42Z","timestamp":1702012542000},"page":"192-208","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Systematic evaluation of human soft tissue attenuation correction in whole\u2010body PET\/MR: Implications from PET\/CT for optimization of MR\u2010based AC in patients with normal lung tissue"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Maike E.","family":"Lindemann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"High\u2010Field and Hybrid MR Imaging University Hospital Essen University Duisburg\u2010Essen  Essen Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcel","family":"Gratz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"High\u2010Field and Hybrid MR Imaging University Hospital Essen University Duisburg\u2010Essen  Essen Germany"},{"name":"Erwin L. 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Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging University Duisburg\u2010Essen  Essen Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.12963"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.4941014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinimag.2018.03.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1361\u20106560\/aaaca4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.2174132"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-002-0796-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-002-1564-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"BrusaferriL BousseA EfthimiouN et\u00a0al.Potential benefits of incorporating energy information when estimating attenuation from PET data. 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