{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T19:30:15Z","timestamp":1777577415296,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,22]],"date-time":"2024-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708560000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Medical Physics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Time\u2010resolved magnetic resonance fingerprinting (MRF), or 4D\u2010MRF, has been demonstrated its feasibility in motion management in radiotherapy (RT). However, the prohibitive long acquisition time is one of challenges of the clinical implementation of 4D\u2010MRF. The shortening of acquisition time causes data insufficiency in each respiratory phase, leading to poor accuracies and consistencies of the predicted tissues\u2019 properties of each phase.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To develop a technique for the reconstruction of multi\u2010phase parametric maps in four\u2010dimensional magnetic resonance fingerprinting (4D\u2010MRF) through the optimization of local T1 and T2 sensitivities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The proposed technique employed an iterative optimization to tailor the data arrangement of each phase by manipulation of inter\u2010phase frames, such that the T1 and T2 sensitivities, which were quantified by the modified Minkowski distance, of the truncated signal evolution curve was maximized. The multi\u2010phase signal evolution curves were modified by sliding window reconstruction and inter\u2010phase frame sharing (SWIFS). Motion correction (MC) and dot product matching were sequentially performed on the modified signal evolution and dictionary to reconstruct the multi\u2010parametric maps. The proposed technique was evaluated by numerical simulations using the extended cardiac\u2010torso (XCAT) phantom with regular and irregular breathing patterns, and by in vivo MRF data of three health volunteers and six liver cancer patients acquired at a 3.0 T scanner.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In simulation study, the proposed SWIFS approach achieved the overall mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 8.62%\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.59% and 16.2%\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03.88% for the eight\u2010phases T1 and T2 maps, respectively, in the sagittal view with irregular breathing patterns. In contrast, the overall MAPE of T1 and T2 maps generated by the conventional approach with multiple MRF repetitions were 22.1%\u00a0\u00b1\u00a011.0% and 30.8%\u00a0\u00b1\u00a014.9%, respectively. For in\u2010vivo study, the predicted mean T1 and T2 of liver by the proposed SWIFS approach were 795\u00a0ms\u00a0\u00b1\u00a038.9\u00a0ms and 58.3\u00a0ms\u00a0\u00b1\u00a011.7\u00a0ms, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Both simulation and in vivo results showed that the approach empowered by T1 and T2 sensitivities optimization and sliding window under the shortened acquisition of MRF had superior performance in the estimation of multi\u2010phase T1 and T2 maps as compared to the conventional approach with oversampling of MRF data.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.17001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,22]],"date-time":"2024-02-22T20:39:43Z","timestamp":1708634383000},"page":"4721-4735","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Reconstruction of multi\u2010phase parametric maps in 4D\u2010magnetic resonance fingerprinting (4D\u2010MRF) by optimization of local T1 and T2 sensitivities"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Yat Lam","family":"Wong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Technology and Informatics The Hong Kong Polytechnic University  Hong Kong China"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Oncology Queen Mary Hospital  Hong Kong China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tian","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Technology and Informatics The Hong Kong Polytechnic University  Hong Kong China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chenyang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Technology and Informatics The Hong Kong Polytechnic University  Hong Kong China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ho\u2010Fun 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China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Technology and Informatics The Hong Kong Polytechnic University  Hong Kong 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