{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T21:14:42Z","timestamp":1791407682918,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,6]],"date-time":"2024-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714953600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Medical Physics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Assessing renal perfusion in\u2010vivo is challenging and quantitative information regarding renal hemodynamics is hardly incorporated in medical decision\u2010making while abnormal renal hemodynamics might play a crucial role in the onset and progression of renal disease. Combining physiological stimuli with rubidium\u201082 positron emission tomography\/computed tomography (<jats:sup>82<\/jats:sup>Rb PET\/CT) offers opportunities to test the kidney perfusion under various conditions. The aim of this study is: (1) to investigate the application of a one\u2010tissue compartment model for measuring renal hemodynamics with dynamic <jats:sup>82<\/jats:sup>Rb PET\/CT imaging, and (2) to evaluate whether dynamic PET\/CT is sensitive to detect differences in renal hemodynamics in stress conditions compared to resting state.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A one\u2010tissue compartment model for the kidney was applied to cardiac <jats:sup>82<\/jats:sup>Rb PET\/CT scans that were obtained for ischemia detection as part of clinical care. Retrospective data, collected from 17 patients undergoing dynamic myocardial <jats:sup>82<\/jats:sup>Rb PET\/CT imaging in rest, were used to evaluate various CT\u2010based volumes of interest (VOIs) of the kidney. Subsequently, retrospective data, collected from 10 patients (five impaired kidney functions and five controls) undergoing dynamic myocardial <jats:sup>82<\/jats:sup>Rb PET\/CT imaging, were used to evaluate image\u2010derived input functions (IDIFs), PET\u2010based VOIs of the kidney, extraction fractions, and whether dynamic <jats:sup>82<\/jats:sup>Rb PET\/CT can measure renal hemodynamics differences using the renal blood flow (RBF) values in rest and after exposure to adenosine pharmacological stress.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The delivery rate (<jats:italic>K<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>) values showed no significant (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.14) difference between the mean standard deviation (SD) <jats:italic>K<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> values using one CT\u2010based VOI and the use of two, three, and four CT\u2010based VOIs, respectively 2.01(0.32), 1.90(0.40), 1.93(0.39), and 1.94(0.40) mL\/min\/mL. The ratio between RBF in rest and RBF in pharmacological stress for the controls were overall significantly lower compared to the impaired kidney function group for both PET\u2010based delineation methods (region growing and iso\u2010contouring), with the smallest median interquartile range (IQR) of 0.40(0.28\u20130.66) and 0.96(0.62\u20131.15), respectively (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). The <jats:italic>K<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> of the impaired kidney function group were close to 1.0\u00a0mL\/min\/mL.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study demonstrated that obtaining renal <jats:italic>K<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> and RBF values using <jats:sup>82<\/jats:sup>Rb PET\/CT was feasible using a one\u2010tissue compartment model. Applying iso\u2010contouring as the PET\u2010based VOI of the kidney and using AA as an IDIF is suggested for consideration in further studies. Dynamic <jats:sup>82<\/jats:sup>Rb PET\/CT imaging showed significant differences in renal hemodynamics in rest compared to when exposed to adenosine. This indicates that dynamic <jats:sup>82<\/jats:sup>Rb PET\/CT has potential to detect differences in renal hemodynamics in stress conditions compared to the resting state, and might be useful as a novel diagnostic tool for assessing renal perfusion.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.17080","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,6]],"date-time":"2024-05-06T14:49:50Z","timestamp":1715006990000},"page":"4069-4080","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Dynamic rubidium\u201082 PET\/CT as a novel tool for quantifying hemodynamic differences in renal blood flow using a one\u2010tissue compartment model"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Alina","family":"van de Burgt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine Alrijne hospital  Leiderdorp The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Radiology Leiden University Medical Center  Leiden The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Floris H. P.","family":"van Velden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Leiden University Medical Center  Leiden The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koen","family":"Kwakkenbos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine Alrijne hospital  Leiderdorp The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Radiology Leiden University Medical Center  Leiden The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frits","family":"Smit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine Alrijne hospital  Leiderdorp The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Radiology Leiden University Medical Center  Leiden The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lioe\u2010Fee","family":"de Geus\u2010Oei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Leiden University Medical Center  Leiden The Netherlands"},{"name":"Biomedical Photonic Imaging Group University of Twente  Enschede The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Radiation Science &amp; Technology Delft University of Technology  Delft The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilona A.","family":"Dekkers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Leiden University Medical Center  Leiden The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.4046"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2369-15-185"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12155141"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40336-021-00469-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ackd.2018.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-022-02962-w"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","first-page":"133","article-title":"Feasibility of measuring first pass extraction and flow with rubidium\u201082 in the kidneys","volume":"5","author":"Mullani N","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Imaging"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/cs0770105"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00311.2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/cdt.2017.04.10"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-007-0478-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1754-9485.12079"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40658-021-00389-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-139-2-200307150-00013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.20.2.162"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","unstructured":"PMOD Kinetic Modeling User Manual. English. Version 4.4. 1996\u20132022; 2022.https:\/\/doc.pmod.com\/PDF\/PKIN.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","volume-title":"PET Pharmacokinetic Course Manual","author":"Maguire RP","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.1989.105"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","first-page":"782","article-title":"Brain blood flow measured with intravenous H215O.: I. Theory and error analysis","volume":"24","author":"Herscovitch P","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","first-page":"1069","article-title":"Simultaneous correction for tracer arrival delay and dispersion in CBF measurements by the H215O autoradiographic method and dynamic PET","volume":"30","author":"Meyer E","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.13576"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40336-014-0066-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1959.197.6.1205"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1963.tb02652.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cpf.12691"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40658-021-00422-2"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","first-page":"1113","article-title":"MIRD Pamphlet No 19: absorbed fractions and radionuclide S values for six age\u2010dependent multiregion models of the kidney","volume":"44","author":"Bouchet LG","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00051.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.hjh.0000180160.89264.9d"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-019-0686-2"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","first-page":"1622","article-title":"Image\u2010derived input functions for determination of MRGlu in cardiac (18)F\u2010FDG PET scans","volume":"42","author":"Weerdt AP","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","first-page":"945","article-title":"Comparison of image\u2010derived and arterial input functions for estimating the rate of glucose metabolism in therapy\u2010monitoring 18F\u2010FDG PET studies","volume":"47","author":"Geus\u2010Oei LF","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"issue":"233","key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","first-page":"16","article-title":"Studies of the renal circulation","volume":"65","author":"Trueta J","year":"1948","journal-title":"Bristol Med Chir J (1883)"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2017.10.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2016.09.003"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","first-page":"2097","article-title":"Reduction of cortical oxygenation in chronic kidney disease: evidence obtained with a new analysis method of blood oxygenation level\u2010dependent magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"32","author":"Milani B","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","first-page":"613","article-title":"Use of the abdominal aorta for arterial input function determination in hepatic and renal PET studies","volume":"33","author":"Germano G","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2005.08.003"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","first-page":"H1024","article-title":"Serial analysis of renal blood flow by positron tomography with rubidium\u201082","volume":"251","author":"Tamaki N","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2015142059"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-89615-9_15"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MNH.0b013e32835b36c1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2017.01.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2019.07.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kisu.2021.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2005101085"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3310\/hta14210"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2020030277"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/741018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/RLI.0b013e31815a3407"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1291\/hypres.27.345"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2008.350"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Physiological confounders of renal blood flow measurement","author":"Alhummiany B","year":"2023","journal-title":"Magn Reson Mater Phys, Biol Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.01.065"}],"container-title":["Medical Physics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mp.17080","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,23]],"date-time":"2025-08-23T00:23:35Z","timestamp":1755908615000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/mp.17080"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,6]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/mp.17080"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mp.17080","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0094-2405","2473-4209"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0094-2405","type":"print"},{"value":"2473-4209","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-10-30","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-04-04","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-05-06","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}