{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T19:06:40Z","timestamp":1792091200539,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,4]],"date-time":"2024-06-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717459200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81971604"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81971604"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Medical Physics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Golden angle (GA) radial trajectory is advantageous for dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Recently, several advanced algorithms have been developed based on navigator\u2010interleaved GA trajectory to realize free\u2010running cardiac MRI. However, navigator\u2010interleaved GA trajectory suffers from the eddy\u2010current effect, which reduces the image quality.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>This work aims to integrate the navigator\u2010interleaved GA trajectory with clinical cardiac MRI acquisition, with the minimum eddy\u2010current artifacts. The ultimate goal is to realize a high\u2010quality free\u2010running cardiac imaging technique.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this paper, we propose a new \u201cswing golden angle\u201d (swingGA) radial profile order. SwingGA samples the k\u2010space by rotating back and forth at the generalized golden ratio interval, with smoothly interleaved navigator readouts. The sampling efficiency and angle increment distributions were investigated by numerical simulations. Static phantom imaging experiments were conducted to evaluate the eddy current effect, compared with cartesian, golden angle radial (GA), and tiny golden angle (tGA) trajectories. Furthermore, 12 heart\u2010healthy subjects (aged 21\u201325\u00a0years) were recruited for free\u2010running cardiac imaging with different sampling trajectories. Dynamic images were reconstructed by a low\u2010rank subspace\u2010constrained algorithm. The image quality was evaluated by signal\u2010to\u2010noise\u2010ratio and spectrum analysis in the heart region, and compared with traditional clinical cardiac MRI images.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>SwingGA pattern achieves the highest sampling efficiency (mSE\u00a0&gt;\u00a00.925) and the minimum azimuthal angle increment (mAD\u00a0&lt;\u00a01.05). SwingGA can effectively suppress eddy currents in static phantom images, with the lowest normalized root mean square error (nRMSE) values among radial trajectories. For the in\u2010vivo cardiac images, swingGA enjoys the highest SNR both in the blood pool and myocardium, and contains the minimum level of high\u2010frequency artifacts. The free\u2010running cardiac images have good consistency with traditional clinical cardiac MRI, and the swingGA sampling pattern achieves the best image quality among all sampling patterns.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The proposed swingGA sampling pattern can effectively improve the sampling efficiency and reduce the eddy currents for the navigator\u2010interleaved GA sequence. SwingGA is a promising sampling pattern for free\u2010running cardiac MRI.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.17188","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,4]],"date-time":"2024-06-04T20:38:30Z","timestamp":1717533510000},"page":"5283-5294","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Technical Note: Swing golden angle \u2013 A navigator\u2010interleaved golden angle trajectory with eddy current suppression \u2013 Application in free\u2010running cardiac MRI"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Zhongsen","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biomedical Imaging Research School of Biomedical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aiqi","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences University of Texas at Austin  Austin Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuyu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biomedical Imaging Research School of Biomedical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haozhong","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biomedical Imaging Research School of Biomedical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haining","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biomedical Imaging Research School of Biomedical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuai","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biomedical Imaging Research School of Biomedical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biomedical Imaging Research School of Biomedical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2006.885337"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.28187"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.21391"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.24980"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.27030"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.25665"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.27903"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.29522"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.4861"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.4844"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.25977"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.26918"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2016.10.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.4240"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330\u2010003\u20101957\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.23742"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1532-429X-15-91"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","unstructured":"SchefflerK HennigJ. 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