{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T17:50:52Z","timestamp":1785174652370,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,27]],"date-time":"2024-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719446400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Medical Physics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Combining the sharp dose fall off feature of beta\u2010emitting <jats:sup>106<\/jats:sup>Ru\/<jats:sup>106<\/jats:sup>Rh radionuclide with larger penetration depth feature of photon\u2010emitting<jats:sup>125<\/jats:sup>I radionuclide in a bi\u2010radionuclide plaque, prescribed dose to the tumor apex can be delivered while maintaining the tumor dose uniformity and sparing the organs at risk. The potential advantages of bi\u2010radionuclide plaque could be of interest in context of ocular brachytherapy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of the study is to evaluate the dosimetric advantages of a proposed bi\u2010radionuclide plaque for two different designs, consisting of indigenous <jats:sup>125<\/jats:sup>I seeds and <jats:sup>106<\/jats:sup>Ru\/<jats:sup>106<\/jats:sup>Rh plaque, using Monte Carlo technique. The study also explores the influence of other commercial <jats:sup>125<\/jats:sup>I seed models and presence or absence of silastic\/acrylic seed carrier on the calculated dose distributions. The study further included the calculation of depth dose distributions for the bi\u2010radionuclide eye plaque for which experimental data are available.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The proposed bi\u2010radionuclide plaque consists of a 1.2\u2010mm\u2010thick silver (Ag) spherical shell with radius of curvature of 12.5\u00a0mm, 20\u00a0\u00b5m\u2010thick\u2010<jats:sup>106<\/jats:sup>Ru\/<jats:sup>106<\/jats:sup>Rh encapsulated between 0.2\u00a0mm Ag disk, and a 0.1\u2010mm\u2010thick Ag window, and water\u2010equivalent gel containing 12 symmetrically arranged <jats:sup>125<\/jats:sup>I seeds. Two bi\u2010radionuclide plaque models investigated in the present study are designated as Design I and Design II. In Design I, <jats:sup>125<\/jats:sup>I seeds are placed on the top of the plaque, while in Design II <jats:sup>106<\/jats:sup>Ru\/<jats:sup>106<\/jats:sup>Rh source is positioned on the top of the plaque. In Monte Carlo calculations, the plaque is positioned in a spherical water phantom of 30\u00a0cm diameter.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The proposed bi\u2010radionuclide eye plaque demonstrated superior dose distributions as compared to <jats:sup>125<\/jats:sup>I or <jats:sup>106<\/jats:sup>Ru plaque for tumor thicknesses ranges from 5 to 10\u00a0mm. Amongst the designs, dose at a given voxel for Design I is higher as compared to the corresponding voxel dose for Design II. This difference is attributed to the higher degree of attenuation of <jats:sup>125<\/jats:sup>I photons in Ag as compared to beta particles. Influence of different <jats:sup>125<\/jats:sup>I seed models on the normalized lateral dose profiles of Design I (in the absence of carrier) is negligible and within 5% on the central axis depth dose distribution as compared to the corresponding values of the plaque that has indigenous <jats:sup>125<\/jats:sup>I seeds. In the presence of a silastic\/acrylic seed carrier, the normalized central axis dose distributions of Design I are smaller by 3%\u201312% as compared to the corresponding values in the absence of a seed carrier. For the published bi\u2010radionuclide plaque model, good agreement is observed between the Monte Carlo\u2010calculated and published measured depth dose distributions for clinically relevant depths.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Regardless of the type of <jats:sup>125<\/jats:sup>I seed model utilized and whether silastic\/acrylic seed carrier is present or not, Design I bi\u2010radionuclide plaque offers superior dose distributions in terms of tumor dose uniformity, rapid dose fall off and lesser dose to nearby critical organs at risk over the Design II plaque. This shows that Design I bi\u2010radionuclide plaque could be a promising alternative to <jats:sup>125<\/jats:sup>I plaque for treatment of tumor sizes in the range 5 to 10\u00a0mm.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.17257","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,27]],"date-time":"2024-06-27T16:13:39Z","timestamp":1719504819000},"page":"7561-7573","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Monte Carlo\u2010based dosimetry of proposed bi\u2010radionuclide (<sup>125<\/sup>I and <sup>106<\/sup>Ru\/<sup>106<\/sup>Rh) eye plaque: A feasibility study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Subhalaxmi","family":"Mishra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiological Physics and Advisory Division Health, Safety &amp; Environment Group Bhabha Atomic Research Centre  Mumbai Maharashtra India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T. 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