{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T18:13:58Z","timestamp":1777745638929,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,15]],"date-time":"2024-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731628800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21 HL159534"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21 HL159534"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Medical Physics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>A fundamental obstacle for the preclinical development of ultrasound\u2010(US) mediated cardiac imaging remains cardiac motion, which limits interframe correlation during extended acquisition periods.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To address this need, we present the design and implementation of a 3D\u2010printed vacuum coupler that stabilizes a US transducer on the epicardial surface of the heart for feasibility assessment and development of advanced, cardiac, US\u2010mediated imaging approaches.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The vacuum coupler was 3D printed with biocompatible resins and secured with a standard intraoperative suction aspirator. US\u2010mediated imaging (i.e., B\u2010mode and photoacoustic [PA] imaging) was performed in an open\u2010chest porcine model with and without the vacuum coupler. Based on inter\u2010frame displacement tracking and cross\u2010correlation (CC) coefficients, changes in frame motion and stability were compared for each imaging mode\/configuration through a prolonged (\u223c1\u00a0min) acquisition, while the impact on PA\u2010based SO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> accuracy was assessed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>When compared to conventional handheld imaging, stand\u2010off imaging, and coupler without suction, epicardial imaging with the vacuum coupler and suction applied led to a significantly reduced mean axial displacement of 0.15 mm versus 0.89, 0.49, &amp; 0.49 mm, respectively (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2010values\u00a0\u2264\u00a08.65e\u20107). Comparing the coupler without suction to that with suction applied, physiologically unrealistic SO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> estimates reduced from 1.72 to 0.81%, respectively, and lateral interframe displacement reduced from 4.58 to 2.01\u00a0mm, respectively (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2010value\u00a0=\u00a05.07e\u201023). Overall,\u00a0reduced cardiac tissue motion and increased interframe CC coefficient (baseline\u00a0=\u00a00.43\u00a0vs. coupler with suction\u00a0=\u00a00.80) allow for more accurate PA unmixing.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Epicardial US\u2010mediated imaging with a vacuum coupler reduces cardiac motion artifact, providing a consistent sampling of an intended region of interest (ROI) over multiple cardiac cycles. This could help facilitate the development of advanced US\u2010mediated imaging, which is often hindered by cardiac motion. Stable implementation of these imaging techniques could allow for intra\u2010operative assessments of local cardiac perfusion as well as tissue characterization.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.17511","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,15]],"date-time":"2024-11-15T13:29:16Z","timestamp":1731677356000},"page":"880-888","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Open\u2010chest cardiac ultrasound\u2010mediated imaging with a vacuum coupler"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Nilesh","family":"Mathuria","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Houston Methodist Heart and Vascular Center Houston Methodist Research Institute Houston Methodist Hospital  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Krithik","family":"Vishwanath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Imaging Physics The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giorgio","family":"Brero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nanomedicine Houston Methodist Research Institute  Houston Texas USA"},{"name":"Department of Electronics Politecnico di Torino  Torino Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Blake C.","family":"Fallon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nanomedicine Houston Methodist Research Institute  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Martino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nanomedicine Houston Methodist Research Institute  Houston Texas USA"},{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Houston  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard C.","family":"Willson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemical &amp; Biophysical Sciences University of Houston  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carly S.","family":"Filgueira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nanomedicine Houston Methodist Research Institute  Houston Texas USA"},{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Surgery Houston Methodist Research Institute  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard R.","family":"Bouchard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Imaging Physics The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center  Houston Texas USA"},{"name":"MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultras.2017.11.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TUFFC.2014.2930"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/JCM9103131"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12055\u2010018\u20100697\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.TRIA.2020.100083"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2016.12.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/S11886\u2010017\u20100902\u20106\/FIGURES\/7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.ECHO.2014.02.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5090\/kjtcs.20.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5114\/kitp.2017.66923"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031\u20109155\/60\/21\/8347"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/016173460903100305"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/12.909161"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010018\u201032235\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nphoton.2015.29"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301\u20105629(03)00066\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098\u20101098(1997)8:1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"TouilB BernardO FribouletD;2008 IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging: From Macro to Nano (ISBI \u201908) Paris France 2008 May 14 \u2010 2008 May 17.Motion decorrelation in echocardiography: analysis from a realistic simulation. 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