{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T13:31:00Z","timestamp":1791725460057,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,27]],"date-time":"2025-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737936000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,27]],"date-time":"2025-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737936000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Medical Physics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patient\u2010specific quality assurance (PSQA) is a crucial yet resource\u2010intensive task in proton therapy, requiring special equipment, expertise and additional beam time. Machine delivery log files contain information about energy, position and monitor units (MU) of all delivered spots, allowing a reconstruction of the applied dose. This raises the prospect of phantomless, log file\u2010based QA (LFQA) as an automated replacement of current phantom\u2010based solutions, provided that such an approach guarantees a comparable level of safety.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To retrieve a reliable LFQA conclusion from a one\u2010time plan delivery before treatment initiation, deviations between planned and logged parameters must either be persistent over all following treatment fractions or, in case of random fluctuations, must not have a relevant impact on the reconstructed dose distribution. We therefore investigated the reproducibility of log file parameters over multiple patient treatment fractions and compared the reconstructed dose distributions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Log file variability was examined at both spot parameter and integral dose levels. The log files of 14 patient treatment plans were analyzed retrospectively for a total of 339 delivered fractions. From the recorded\n                      <jats:italic>x<\/jats:italic>\n                      \/\n                      <jats:italic>y<\/jats:italic>\n                      position and MU parameters per spot, the respective mean difference to the planned value (accuracy) and the standard deviation (reproducibility) were calculated for 108,610 planned spots. The dose distributions reconstructed from the log files of each fraction were evaluated against the planned fraction dose using 3D gamma index analysis. The dose\u2010based gamma pass rate  was correlated with a new spot\u2010based log file pass rate . Beam timing information from the log files was used to quantify the total plan\/field delivery time stability after excluding machine interlocks.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The mean spot\u2010wise accuracy with respect to distance from planned positions and MUs was (0.6\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.3)\u00a0mm and (0.0001\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.0023) MU, respectively. The mean reproducibility of the observed single spot deviations was (0.2\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.1) mm and (0.0004\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.0004) MU (mean\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0standard deviation). These variations resulted in minimal changes in the reconstructed fraction dose with (2\u00a0mm\/2%)\u00a0&gt;\u00a099% for all studied fractions. Results for more sensitive criteria (1\u00a0mm\/1%) were plan\u2010specific, but on average\u00a0&gt;\u00a092.6% per plan and correlated with (1\u00a0mm) pass rates (0.51\u00a0\u2264\u00a0\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>Pearson<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u00a0\u2264\u00a00.99). Field delivery times were reproducible within\u00a0\u00b1\u00a04 s (2\u03c3) and no treatment interruptions were observed in 92.8% of cases.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The log file records of plan\u2010relevant spot parameters are well\u2010reproducible over multiple fractions and deviations have no dosimetrically relevant impact on the reconstructed fraction doses. Results of a one\u2010time pre\u2010treatment LFQA are considered as valid for the entire treatment course and there is no concern in this regard to replace state\u2010of\u2010the\u2010art phantom measurements in the current PSQA workflow.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.17637","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,27]],"date-time":"2025-01-27T23:28:15Z","timestamp":1738020495000},"page":"3173-3182","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Validity of one\u2010time phantomless patient\u2010specific quality assurance in proton therapy with regard to the reproducibility of beam delivery"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"52","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-4019-9439","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lukas Cornelius","family":"Wolter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"OncoRay \u2013 National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden Helmholtz\u2010Zentrum Dresden \u2013 Rossendorf  Dresden Germany"},{"name":"Helmholtz\u2010Zentrum Dresden \u2010 Rossendorf Institute of Radiation Oncology  Dresden Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabian","family":"Hennings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"OncoRay \u2013 National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden Helmholtz\u2010Zentrum Dresden \u2013 Rossendorf  Dresden Germany"},{"name":"Helmholtz\u2010Zentrum Dresden \u2010 Rossendorf Institute of Radiation Oncology  Dresden Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jozef","family":"Bokor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ion Beam Applications Particle Therapy GmbH c\/o Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Dresden  Dresden 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