{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T19:50:04Z","timestamp":1770753004078,"version":"3.50.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]],"date-time":"2025-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752537600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":14,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Medical Physics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Advanced radiation therapy techniques are increasingly used to treat liver cancers. However, the lack of robust imaging approaches for reliable assessment of early\u2010phase treatment response limits full potential of these therapeutic methods.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the performance of a new quantitative MR imaging technique, named magnetic resonance fingerprinting (MRF), in terms of repeatability, reproducibility, and motion sensitivity for quantitative T1 and T2 assessment in hepatic tissues.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A rapid 2D liver MRF technique based on a steady\u2010state free precession sequence was adapted and performed on 3T MR scanners. Quantitative T1 and T2 relaxation time maps with a spatial resolution of 1.6\u00a0mm and slice thickness of 5\u00a0mm were acquired simultaneously in one breath\u2010hold of 15\u00a0s per imaging slice. The accuracy of the liver MRF method was first validated using the standardized water phantom. The repeatability and reproducibility of the liver MRF were further evaluated on five healthy volunteers. Each volunteer was scanned once per week for three consecutive weeks. The effects of dietary status and respiratory motion were further evaluated on three subjects. Finally, a pilot study was performed on one patient with multiple metastatic lesions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Phantom experiments show the liver MRF method achieved an accurate assessment for T1 up to 2000\u00a0ms and T2 up to 300\u00a0ms. High\u2010quality quantitative T1 and T2 maps were successfully obtained from all five subjects. Bland\u2010Altman plots show that both T1 and T2 obtained from MRF are highly repeatable, with a coefficient of repeatability of 86\u00a0ms for T1 and 9\u00a0ms for T2. The quantitative measurements are also highly reproducible with a coefficient of variation of 1.5%\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.2% for T1 (range, 1.3%\u20131.7%) and 4.1%\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.3% for T2 (range, 2.9%\u20135.5%). The MRF\u2010derived T1 and T2 measurements are independent of dietary status. However, clear motion artifacts and vessel blurring were noted in motion\u2010contaminated scan scenarios, which had instructions for 10\u00a0s initial breath\u2010holding followed by 5\u00a0s shallow breathing. Finally, higher T1 and T2 values were observed in the metastatic lesions as compared to the values obtained in normal liver parenchyma.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This pilot study demonstrates that 2D liver MRF can provide high\u2010quality, repeatable, and reproducible T1 and T2 mapping for hepatic tissues. These findings suggest potential applications in tissue\/lesion characterization and longitudinal treatment response monitoring in the liver.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.17932","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,16]],"date-time":"2025-07-16T05:18:21Z","timestamp":1752643101000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Assessing repeatability and confounding factors of magnetic resonance fingerprinting (MRF) for quantitative liver imaging"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Lan","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology Cleveland Clinic  Cleveland Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Stephans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology Cleveland Clinic  Cleveland Ohio 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