{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T04:04:40Z","timestamp":1782446680036,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,21]],"date-time":"2025-12-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766275200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,21]],"date-time":"2025-12-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766275200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["23K14869"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23K14869"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Medical Physics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To ensure consistency in treatment planning across institutions, inter\u2010center variations in Hounsfield look\u2010up tables (HLUTs) have been evaluated using different methods in Japan and Europe. In Japan, the Hiroshima High\u2010Precision Radiotherapy Cancer Center (HIPRAC) developed the computed tomography number calibration audit (HIPRAC\u2010CTCA) based on a stoichiometric method, while in Europe, the European Particle Therapy Network (EPTN) implemented a method using validated tissue\u2010equivalent inserts. Comparing these approaches is essential to improving consistency and reliability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aims to enhance the reliability of the HIPRAC method by comparing it with the EPTN consensus guide\u2010based HLUT generation methods used in multi\u2010institutional evaluations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      HLUTs were generated using the HIPRAC and EPTN methods for both head and body phantom configurations. The HIPRAC\u2010based HLUT was created by measuring CT numbers of tough lung and tough bone inserts, applying the stoichiometric method, and calculating the theoretical HLUTs for representative tissues based on the International Commission on Radiological Protection Publication 110. The EPTN\u2010based HLUT was generated by measuring the CT numbers of validated tissue\u2010equivalent inserts, calculating the CT numbers of human tissues using the stoichiometric method, and determining the HLUT through piecewise linear regression between CT numbers and stopping\u2010power ratios (SPRs) for both tissue\u2010equivalent inserts and human tissues. \u0394\n                      <jats:italic>SPR<\/jats:italic>\n                      values were calculated by subtracting the EPTN\u2010based HLUT from the HIPRAC\u2010based HLUT and were categorized into lung, soft tissue, and bone groups. Representative brain tumor and prostate cancer cases were analyzed to evaluate spot\u2010wise range shifts (\u0394\n                      <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>80<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) when applying the two HLUTs.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Both methods showed good agreement in lung, soft tissue, and bone, with all \u0394\n                      <jats:italic>SPR<\/jats:italic>\n                      values within\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02% and mean differences \u2264 1%. In cortical bone, \u0394\n                      <jats:italic>SPR<\/jats:italic>\n                      reached approximately 2%\u20133%, leading to minor range shifts. In the clinical case analysis, mean \u0394\n                      <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>80<\/jats:sub>\n                      were \u22120.28\u00a0mm for the brain tumor case and \u22120.45\u00a0mm for the prostate cancer case, indicating that proton range differences between the two HLUTs were negligibly small.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The established HLUT generation methods for CT\u2010based SPR prediction developed in Japan and Europe were compared and showed good agreement across all tissue types. Range differences in clinical cases were minor, and \u0394\n                      <jats:italic>SPR<\/jats:italic>\n                      variations in cortical bone corresponded to negligible proton range deviations. These findings indicate that the European and Japanese approaches are practically equivalent and support the validity and reliability of the HIPRAC\u2010CTCA method.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.70236","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T04:30:27Z","timestamp":1766377827000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Comparison of two established approaches for generating Hounsfield look\u2010up tables for CT\u2010based SPR prediction"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Minoru","family":"Nakao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hiroshima High\u2010Precision Radiotherapy Cancer Center  Hiroshima Japan"},{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology Graduate School of Biomedical &amp; Health Sciences Hiroshima University  Hiroshima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julian","family":"Schwengfelder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"OncoRay\u2013National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus TUD Dresden University of Technology Helmholtz\u2010Zentrum Dresden\u2010Rossendorf  Dresden Germany"},{"name":"Helmholtz\u2010Zentrum Dresden\u2010Rossendorf Institute of Radiooncology \u2013 OncoRay Dresden Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Richter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"OncoRay\u2013National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus TUD Dresden University of Technology Helmholtz\u2010Zentrum Dresden\u2010Rossendorf  Dresden Germany"},{"name":"Helmholtz\u2010Zentrum Dresden\u2010Rossendorf Institute of Radiooncology \u2013 OncoRay Dresden Germany"},{"name":"Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus TUD Dresden University of Technology  Dresden Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nils","family":"Peters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology Mass General Brigham and Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology University of Washington &amp; Fred Hutch Cancer Center  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuichi","family":"Ozawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hiroshima High\u2010Precision Radiotherapy Cancer Center  Hiroshima Japan"},{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology Graduate School of Biomedical &amp; Health Sciences Hiroshima University  Hiroshima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.14077"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.16887"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2023.109675"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phro.2018.04.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2021.07.019"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Adult reference computational phantoms. 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