{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T00:29:12Z","timestamp":1773102552055,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769817600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769817600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Medical Physics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n \n Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) enables selective tumor irradiation by exploiting the high\u2010linear energy transfer particles generated from neutron interactions with\n 10<\/jats:sup>\n B atoms. BNCT has been approved as an insurance\u2010covered medical treatment for recurrent head and neck cancer in Japan. Unlike photon radiotherapy, neutrons that come out of the collimator have an angular distribution. Therefore, it is necessary to keep the distance between the collimator and the patient as short as possible. However, for head and neck cancer treatments, patient anatomy often limits proximity to the collimator, creating an unwanted air gap. This ultimately increases the neutron exposure to surrounding healthy tissue.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Purpose<\/jats:title>\n To develop a freely deformable LiF\u2010polyethylene neutron shield and assess its impact on neutron\/gamma attenuation and clinical organ at\u2010risk sparing in head and neck BNCT.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n A freely deformable neutron shielding device was constructed using polyethylene beads loaded with lithium fluoride encapsulated in a vacuum\u2010sealed cushion. Neutron and gamma\u2010ray attenuation were measured in a water phantom under clinical conditions using an accelerator\u2010based BNCT system (NeuCure\u00ae, Kansai BNCT Medical Center). Measurements were compared with a solid LiF\u2010polyethylene block and validated through Monte Carlo\u2013based simulations in a commercial treatment planning system. Three representative head and neck cases were further simulated to assess clinical dosimetric effects.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n The deformable shielding device reduced the thermal neutron flux by approximately 50%, compared with 60% for the solid LiF\u2010polyethylene block. Simulated head and neck treatments demonstrated significant OAR dose reductions (up to 46.6% in pharyngeal mucosa\n D<\/jats:italic>\n 50%<\/jats:sub>\n ) without compromising tumor dose coverage (\n D<\/jats:italic>\n 80%<\/jats:sub>\n \u2265 20\u00a0Gy\u2010eq). Treatment delivery times were minimally affected\u00a0(< 2 min difference) across all plans. A 5\u00a0mm positional perturbation analysis showed \u2264 0.5\u00a0Gy\u2010eq variation in GTV\n D<\/jats:italic>\n min<\/jats:sub>\n and pharyngeal mucosa\n D<\/jats:italic>\n 50<\/jats:sub>\n and\n D<\/jats:italic>\n max<\/jats:sub>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n The freely deformable LiF\u2010based neutron shielding device effectively attenuated stray neutron dose while maintaining target coverage in BNCT. Its adaptability and reusability make it a practical adjunct for patient\u2010specific dose optimization in clinical BNCT applications.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.70319","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T20:42:53Z","timestamp":1769892173000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Development and dosimetric evaluation of a freely deformable\n 6<\/sup>\n Li\u2010based neutron shield for boron neutron capture therapy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Naonori","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Kansai BNCT Medical Center Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University Osaka Japan"},{"name":"Particle Radiation Oncology Research Center Kyoto University Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ryo","family":"Kakino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kansai BNCT Medical Center Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akinori","family":"Sasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kansai BNCT Medical Center Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mai","family":"Nojiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kansai BNCT Medical Center Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kazuhiko","family":"Akita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kansai BNCT Medical Center Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Syuushi","family":"Yoshikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BNCT Joint Clinical Institute Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yasushi","family":"Kohigashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kansai BNCT Medical Center Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuki","family":"Yoshino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kansai BNCT Medical Center Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University Osaka Japan"},{"name":"Department of Radiology Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Kyoto Japan"},{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University Hospital Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Takeno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kansai BNCT Medical Center Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University Osaka Japan"},{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University Hospital Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Teruhito","family":"Aihara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BNCT Joint Clinical Institute Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University Osaka Japan"},{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University Hospital Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takushi","family":"Takata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Particle Radiation Oncology Research Center Kyoto University Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroki","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Particle Radiation Oncology Research Center Kyoto University Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keiji","family":"Nihei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kansai BNCT Medical Center Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University Osaka Japan"},{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University Hospital Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Koji","family":"Ono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BNCT Joint Clinical Institute Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Biological effects and therapeutic possibilities of neutrons","volume":"36","author":"Locher GL","year":"1936","journal-title":"Am J Roentgenol Radium Ther"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.5127704"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/noajnl\/vdab067"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2020.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.7250"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010022\u201017974\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-509701-7.50006-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0168\u20109002(94)91219\u2010X"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apradiso.2020.109036"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","first-page":"499","volume-title":"Research and Development in Neutron Capture Therapy","author":"Yamamoto K","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acm2.14493"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13014\u2010021\u201001968\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00223131.2023.2275736"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/18811248.2011.9711675"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4172\/2161\u2010119x.1000277"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/2057\u20101976\/ad4b1e"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apradiso.2020.109246"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jrr\/rrac030"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168\u20109002(00)00465\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.16916"}],"container-title":["Medical Physics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mp.70319","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/mp.70319","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mp.70319","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T13:34:14Z","timestamp":1773063254000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/mp.70319"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/mp.70319"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mp.70319","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0094-2405","2473-4209"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0094-2405","type":"print"},{"value":"2473-4209","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-11-13","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-01-20","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-01-31","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70319"}}