{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T00:28:56Z","timestamp":1773102536101,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771200000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":15,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021ZD0200200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021ZD0200200"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015083","name":"Peking University People's Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022\u2010T\u201002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022\u2010T\u201002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015083","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Medical Physics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      High\u2010resolution MRI (HRMRI) has emerged as a critical tool for intracranial arterial wall imaging, enabling direct visualization of atherosclerotic plaque morphology and distribution with superior spatial resolution. Basilar artery fenestration (BAF), a congenital vascular variant, presents unique.\n                      <jats:italic>Med Phys<\/jats:italic>\n                      . 2026;00:00\u201000.\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mp.70349\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mp.70349<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      hemodynamic conditions that may drive localized plaque formation. The combination of HRMRI and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) provides a powerful physics\u2010based approach to investigate the biomechanical determinants of atherosclerosis in this specialized anatomy.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To characterize plaque distribution patterns in BAF patients via HRMRI and elucidate their hemodynamic correlates through CFD, focusing on wall shear stress (WSS) modulation induced by fenestration morphology.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>HRMRI datasets from 26 BAF patients (July 2014\u2013June 2021) were retrospectively analyzed. Plaque characteristics (location, thickness) were systematically evaluated by two blinded neuroradiologists using three\u2010dimensional volumetric isotropic turbo spin\u2010echo acquisition (3D VISTA) images. Patient\u2010specific CFD models were reconstructed to assess local blood flow, WSS, and oscillatory shear index (OSI).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      HRMRI revealed distinct spatial patterning of atherosclerotic plaques in BAF patients. Fifteen plaques were detected in 11\/26 patients, with 8 located in the fenestration segment, 7 in the downstream segment. In the fenestration segment, 50.0% (4\/8) of plaques localized to lateral walls, surpassing ventral (25.0%, 2\/8), dorsal (25.0%, 2\/8), and interior walls (0). This lateral predominance persisted downstream (71.4%, 5\/7 plaques). CFD analysis revealed significantly lower WSS on the lateral walls of the fenestration branches compared to other regions (left branch: lateral vs. medial,\n                      <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\u00a00.0031; right branch: lateral vs. ventral and dorsal,\n                      <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\u00a00.0319 and 0.0408). In the downstream segment, however, WSS differences among the four quadrant walls were not statistically significant. Furthermore, notable differences in WSS were observed between the BAF model and the idealized control model.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>BAF morphology creates localized low\u2010WSS microenvironments at fenestration lateral walls, correlating spatially with plaque predilection. These findings highlight the utility of CFD\u2010HRMRI integration in decoding vascular biomechanics and suggest WSS mapping as a potential biomarker for atherosclerosis risk stratification in anatomical variants. The diminishing hemodynamic influence downstream implicates native vascular geometry as a co\u2010determinant of plaque distribution, warranting further multiscale modeling studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.70349","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T07:19:54Z","timestamp":1771312794000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Hemodynamics and plaque distribution in basilar artery fenestration: Computational fluid dynamics and high\u2010resolution MRI study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Dong","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Peking University People\u2019 Hospital  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing University of Chinese 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