{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T22:16:47Z","timestamp":1783117007844,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,5]],"date-time":"2026-04-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775347200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011759","name":"Str\u00e5ls\u00e4kerhetsmyndigheten","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SSM2022\u20106507"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SSM2022\u20106507"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011759","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012538","name":"Swedish Cancer Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["24 0927 FK"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24 0927 FK"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012538","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012538","name":"Swedish Cancer Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["24 3786 PJ"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24 3786 PJ"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012538","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Medical Physics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:bold>\n                        <jats:sup>106<\/jats:sup>\n                      <\/jats:bold>\n                      Ru ophthalmic brachytherapy (BT) applicators are used for treating ocular tumors. While manufacturer\u2010provided dosimetry data is commonly used for treatment planning, independent quality assurance (QA) measurements are crucial. However, there is a lack of dedicated equipment and standardized protocols for clinical verification of\n                      <jats:sup>106<\/jats:sup>\n                      Ru depth\u2010dose distributions.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The BetaCheck\u2010106\u2122 is a prototype compact water phantom detector\u2010applicator setup enabling high precision alignment of\n                      <jats:sup>106<\/jats:sup>\n                      Ru applicators and detectors. We assess the setup's compatibility with three commercially available detectors (microSilicon, microSilicon X and microDiamond) and its performance in determining full 1D depth\u2010current curves with these detectors. In addition, data from clinical QA\u2010tests of 20\n                      <jats:sup>106<\/jats:sup>\n                      Ru applicators was used to estimate inhomogeneities in the applicator's\n                      <jats:sup>106<\/jats:sup>\n                      Ru coating.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Measurements were conducted on two\n                      <jats:sup>106<\/jats:sup>\n                      Ru applicators with different activity levels, one had been in clinical service for one year and one was measured before clinical use. Dose rates were recorded at 1\u00a0mm intervals from 2\u00a0mm to 10\u00a0mm in water using the BetaCheck\u2010106\u2122 setup with the three detectors. Measurement precision and detector response were analyzed. Separately, inter\u2010applicator variability was analyzed using the aforementioned measurements of 20\n                      <jats:sup>106<\/jats:sup>\n                      Ru applicators.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The BetaCheck\u2010106\u2122 demonstrated exceptional setup reproducibility (0.23%), enabling precise depth\u2010resolved measurements. Both of the silicon diode detectors examined provided stable and reproducible measurements. The diamond detector performed reproducibly for the high\u2010activity applicator but exhibited depth\u2010dependent signal instability for the low\u2010activity source, likely due to the detector's lower sensitivity. Normalized depth\u2010signal curves for the three detectors all had similar shape. Analysis of measured current per activity of 20\n                      <jats:sup>106<\/jats:sup>\n                      Ru applicators revealed a depth dependent inhomogeneity effect decreasing with depth.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The BetaCheck\u2010106\u2122 provides practical high\u2010reproducibility positioning of detector and applicator for\n                      <jats:sup>106<\/jats:sup>\n                      Ru applicator measurements in water. The silicon detectors successfully characterized both high and low activity applicators up to 10\u00a0mm water depth. The diamond detector proved viable for measurements of the applicator with activity 17.8\u201318.4 MBq, but it lost stability with depth when measuring the one\u2010year old 8.3 MBq activity applicator.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.70404","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T04:25:12Z","timestamp":1775449512000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Evaluation of a water phantom detector\u2010applicator setup for independent experimental verification of\n                    <sup>106<\/sup>\n                    Ru ocular brachytherapy applicators"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Simon","family":"Dahlander","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology Pathology Karolinska Institute  Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine and Medical Physics Karolinska University Hospital  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Andr\u00e1ssy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eckert &amp; Ziegler BEBIG GmbH  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Fr\u00f6mberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eckert &amp; Ziegler BEBIG GmbH  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Persson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology Pathology Karolinska Institute  Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Swedish Radiation Safety Authority  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00c5sa Carlsson","family":"Tedgren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology Pathology Karolinska Institute  Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine and Medical Physics Karolinska University Hospital  Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences Link\u00f6ping University  Link\u00f6ping Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/epjconf\/201714602009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.13488"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.13996"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","volume-title":"Clinical Dosimetry\u2014Beta Radiation Sources for Brachytherapy","author":"ISO","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","unstructured":"Dosimetry in Brachytherapy\u2014An International Code of Practice for Secondary Standards Dosimetry Laboratories and Hospitals. INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY;2023.https:\/\/www.iaea.org\/publications\/15202\/dosimetry\u2010in\u2010brachytherapy\u2010an\u2010international\u2010code\u2010of\u2010practice\u2010for\u2010secondary\u2010standards\u2010dosimetry\u2010laboratories\u2010and\u2010hospitals"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.597966"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2024.110114"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.70381"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000456717"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1361\u20106560\/aa5696"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","unstructured":"Evaluation of measurement data \u2014 Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement.2008. doi:10.59161\/JCGM100\u20102008E"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jrr\/rrv044"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","first-page":"1130","article-title":"Characteristics of microSilicon diode detector for electron beam dosimetry","volume":"62","author":"Akino Y","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Radiation Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.14639"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031\u20109155\/36\/7\/005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.1376441"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1361\u20106560\/adb9b1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radmeas.2024.107343"}],"container-title":["Medical Physics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mp.70404","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/mp.70404","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mp.70404","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T21:25:29Z","timestamp":1783113929000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/mp.70404"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/mp.70404"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mp.70404","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0094-2405","2473-4209"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0094-2405","type":"print"},{"value":"2473-4209","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-12-02","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-11","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-05","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70404"}}