{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T14:37:39Z","timestamp":1793284659891,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784592000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784592000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Medical Physics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Respiratory motion during PET Imaging leads to blurring, volumetric overestimation, and reduced quantitative accuracy. Deviceless motion correction algorithms (MCA) such as OncoFreeze (OF) by Siemens Healthineers (Forchheim, Germany) extract respiratory waveforms from list\u2010mode data but require validation that cannot be obtained in vivo.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To develop and validate an adjustable dynamic phantom with fillable spheres for quantitative assessment of deviceless PET motion correction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A microprocessor\u2010controlled two\u2010axis phantom was constructed to generate linear craniocaudal (cc), ventrodorsal (vd), and diagonal (diag) motion with amplitudes of 0\u201340\u00a0mm and frequencies of 10\u201340\u00a0min\n                      <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                      <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>\n                      . Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) spheres (4, 1, and 0.25\u00a0mL) filled with\n                      <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>\n                      <jats:sup>8<\/jats:sup>\n                      F\u2010fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) were placed in a water\u2010filled PMMA tank and imaged on a Biograph Vision 600 PET\/CT (Siemens Healthineers AG, Forchheim, Germany). For each sphere and direction, 2\u2010min PET scans were acquired with and without MCA, yielding 288 datasets. Volumes, activities, and recovery coefficients (RCs) were extracted using two different isocontours.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Without correction, motion produced substantial overestimation of apparent volume: +15%\u201355% (4\u00a0mL), +81%\u2013166% (1\u00a0mL) and +276%\u2013509% (0.25\u00a0mL), depending on trajectory and IC\n                      <jats:sub>37<\/jats:sub>\n                      . MCA reduced these distortions: For the 1\u00a0mL sphere from\u00a0+87% to \u22128% (vd) and +166% to +82% (diag). IC\n                      <jats:sub>0.1<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2010based activity remained within \u22481%\u20132% of the nominal value and was minimally affected by MCA, while IC\n                      <jats:sub>37<\/jats:sub>\n                      underestimated activity (\u223c45%) and was direction\u2010dependently altered by correction. RCs increased with sphere size and were partially improved by MCA but not restored to static levels.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The phantom provides a reproducible ground\u2010truth framework for evaluating deviceless PET motion correction. MCA reduces motion\u2010induced blurring and volumetric inflation, though correction remains size\u2010 and direction\u2010dependent. The system enables systematic benchmarking and further optimization of motion\u2010correction algorithms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.70577","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T05:46:28Z","timestamp":1784699188000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Development of an adjustable dynamic phantom for testing deviceless motion correction algorithm in PET"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Christian","family":"K\u00fchnel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Nuclear Medicine University Hospital Jena  Jena Thuringia Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tabea Nikola","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Nuclear Medicine University Hospital Jena  Jena Thuringia Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonie","family":"Schreiber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Nuclear Medicine University Hospital Jena  Jena Thuringia Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Holger","family":"Ginter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Research Facilities University Hospital Jena  Jena Thuringia Deutschland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"H\u00e4ndel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Research Facilities University Hospital Jena  Jena Thuringia Deutschland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Freesmeyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Nuclear Medicine University Hospital Jena  Jena Thuringia Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Falk","family":"G\u00fchne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Nuclear Medicine University Hospital Jena  Jena Thuringia Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21492"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20220339"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2011.01.126"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-67192-4_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031\u20109155\/57\/23\/R161"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031\u20109155\/54\/24\/007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","first-page":"6","volume-title":"Deviceless motion management for PET imaging. 2501 North Barrington Road","author":"GmbH SH","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.118.213884"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40658\u2010020\u201000292\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40658\u2010016\u20100151\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12737\/1024\u20106177\u20102020\u201065\u20102\u201062\u201067"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.15406"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0309540"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.17315"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.1851923"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0360\u20103016(02)02803\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013\u20104390"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","unstructured":"AlvarezP MolineuA HernandezN et\u00a0al. 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