{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T14:37:26Z","timestamp":1793284646818,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784592000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784592000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Medical Physics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Human Dynamic NeuroChemical Connectome (HDNCC) scanner integrates a high spatio\u2010temporal resolution dedicated brain PET insert (NeuroSphere PET) with a commercial 7\u2010T MRI to enable studies of neurochemical dynamics simultaneously with functional MRI on comparable timescales.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The NeuroSphere will achieve unprecedented sensitivity with a spherical geometry and novel detectors, which must provide time\u2010of\u2010flight (TOF) and depth\u2010of\u2010interaction (DOI) encoding without compromising crystal separation or energy resolution. We aim to develop a novel PET module for high\u2010resolution PET\/MR applications with TOF and DOI capability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The NeuroSphere PET detector is a 10\u00a0\u00d7\u00a010 array of 26.0\u2010mm LSO crystals with 1.6\u2010mm pitch coupled to a 4\u00a0\u00d7\u00a04 SiPM array with 4\u2010mm pitch, and a top light guide that provides DOI encoding via light sharing. Time\u2010to\u2010digital converter (TDC) performance and nonlinearity correction methods were evaluated with a pulsed laser. Crystal separation, energy resolution, and DOI resolution were evaluated, including a DOI\u2010based energy correction. The ASIC readout parameters were configured and timing corrections were implemented to optimize coincidence timing resolution (CTR), including a DOI\u2010based timing correction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The TDC achieved 55\u2010ps CTR between laser pulses after implementing nonlinearity correction, an improvement to the factory correction. The PET detector had good crystal identification with a peak\u2010to\u2010valley ratio of 11.43  5.87. DOI resolution was 7.45  2.02 mm full\u2010width\u2010half\u2010maximum (FWHM). A batch of 14 detector blocks had an energy resolution of 11.0%  1.8 % FWHM, improved from 12.6%  1.7 % FWHM by a DOI\u2010based correction. The best block\u2010to\u2010block CTR was found to be 510 ps FWHM, with 100 ps improvement after a DOI\u2010based correction, and a batch of 7 block pairs had a CTR of 526  15 ps FWHM.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This work has shown the capability of the NeuroSphere PET module to provide energy resolution, DOI encoding, and TOF PET competitive with other dedicated brain PET\/MR systems. The CTR of 500 ps provides SNR gain for neuroimaging, and the energy resolution and CTR were improved by a DOI\u2010based correction using an easily scalable calibration\u00a0procedure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.70582","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T05:52:36Z","timestamp":1784699556000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Performance of detector modules designed for the NeuroSphere brain PET system"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-5315-5673","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magdelena S.","family":"Allen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Athinoula A. 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