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However, the potential benefits of the FPXS\u2010based grating interferometer (GI) with photon\u2010counting detectors (PCD) remain to be determined.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this work, we aim to study if the moir\u00e9 fringes of the FPXS\u2010based photon\u2010counting GI (PCGI) can be formed by utilizing a benchtop system.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To address this issue, a dedicated in\u2010house X\u2010ray research platform was first built to investigate the X\u2010ray characteristics of the FPXS, including the X\u2010ray spectrum and the projection aliasing behaviors. Subsequently, a benchtop FPXS\u2010based PCGI system was constructed. Due to the projection aliasing of the FPXS, the conventional micro\u2010focus and large\u2010focus X\u2010ray sources were employed to adjust the geometric configurations and the grating postures of the PCGI. As a novel large area X\u2010ray emission source, the X\u2010ray emission area sizes and the X\u2010ray intensities of the FPXS were tuned to investigate if the moir\u00e9 fringes could be formed under different scenarios. In addition, the moir\u00e9 patterns of the micro\u2010focus and large\u2010focus X\u2010ray sources were obtained as a baseline for the corresponding FPXS PCGI system.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The current of the FPXS utilized in the study can reach several hundred A at about 40 kV. Moreover, it cannot be independently controlled, which was voltage\u2010dependent and declined with respect to the exposure time. The projection of the FPXS became less blurred as the X\u2010ray emission area decreased; however, the number of emitted X\u2010ray photons was proportionally reduced. The moir\u00e9 fringes with the single\u2010focal spot X\u2010ray sources were reported under different scenarios, such as low X\u2010ray photon flux, w\/wo G0, different energy bins, and different postures of the source. As for the FPXS, however, the moir\u00e9 fringes were not formulated under different X\u2010ray emission area sizes and shapes due to the factors, such as projection aliasing, low power, and the system instability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The unique characteristics of the FPXS were its large\u2010area X\u2010ray emission with spatial addressability. While the projection aliasing of FPXS can be largely reduced with small X\u2010ray emission area size, the X\u2010ray intensities were also significantly compromised and, thus, prevented formulation of the moir\u00e9 fringes. In future, the moir\u00e9 fringes of the FPXS\u2010based PCGI system with large area X\u2010ray emission require to be further investigated, such as proposing novel algorithms to obtain the moir\u00e9 patterns by deblurring the aliased\u00a0projections.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.70594","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T06:18:12Z","timestamp":1784701092000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Moir\u00e9 fringes of photon counting grating interferometer with single\u2010focal\u2010spot and flat\u2010panel X\u2010ray sources"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Wangjiang","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Engineering Southern Medical University Guangzhou 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