{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T14:37:27Z","timestamp":1793284647649,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784592000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784592000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Medical Physics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Spatial resolution is a fundamental performance parameter of positron emission tomography (PET) systems and is commonly assessed using standardized point\u2010source\u2010in\u2010air procedures. While this configuration minimizes scattering and attenuation effects, it does not account for positron transport in tissue\u2010equivalent media, whose contribution may become increasingly relevant as PET system resolution\u00a0improves.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To develop and validate a direct experimental methodology for PET spatial resolution assessment that incorporates positron\u2010range effects without relying on Monte Carlo simulations or parametric modeling of the system\u00a0response.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A modular polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) phantom containing a thin linear radioactive source ( or ) was used to ensure full positron absorption. By slightly inclining the source relative to the scanner axis, an oversampling strategy was implemented. The reconstructed volume was projected onto a one\u2010dimensional profile to obtain a sub\u2010pixel sampled point spread function (PSF), from which the modulation transfer function (MTF) was derived by Fourier transformation. Finite source\u2010size correction and uncertainty propagation from PSF to MTF were performed. Radial and tangential MTFs were also determined at off\u2010center\u00a0positions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The oversampling strategy yielded very small statistical uncertainties in both PSF and MTF estimates. Measurements performed on two PET\/CT systems of different technological generations showed negligible differences between  and  in the older scanner, whereas measurable radionuclide\u2010dependent effects were observed in the newer system. In the latter,  exhibited a broader PSF and lower MTF than , with  values of 0.085 and 0.112 ,\u00a0respectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The proposed methodology provides a statistically efficient framework for experimental PET spatial\u2010resolution characterization under realistic conditions. It enables quantitative assessment of positron\u2010range effects and complements standardized resolution measurements, particularly in modern high\u2010resolution PET\u00a0systems.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.70603","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T06:02:29Z","timestamp":1784700149000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Experimental determination of PET modulation transfer functions incorporating positron range effects using an oversampled cylindrical source"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Antonio","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez\u2010L\u00f3pez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Cl\u00ednico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca \u2010 Instituto Murciano de Investigaci\u00f3n Biosanitaria Pascual Parrilla Murcia Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Blasco\u2010Avellaneda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Cl\u00ednico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca \u2010 Instituto Murciano de Investigaci\u00f3n Biosanitaria Pascual Parrilla Murcia Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salvador","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez\u2010Bernal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Cl\u00ednico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca \u2010 Instituto Murciano de Investigaci\u00f3n Biosanitaria Pascual Parrilla Murcia Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","unstructured":"NEMA.NEMA NU 2\u20102007 Performance Measurements of Positron Emission Tomographs. Technical report National Electrical Manufacturers Association;2008."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","unstructured":"NEMA.NEMA NU 4\u20102008 Performance Measurements of Small Animal Positron Emission Tomographs. Technical report National Electrical Manufacturers Association;2008."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"LopezBP JordanDW KempBJ KinahanPE SchmidtleinCR.PET \/ CT acceptance testing and quality assurance: executive summary of AAPM Task Group 126 Report.2021;48:31\u201035.","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.14656"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.12780"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/58\/15\/5127"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.4963217"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.118.209593"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apradiso.2017.04.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MNM.0000000000000151"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-0221\/9\/07\/C07004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acm2.13751"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/42.126908"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.2188816"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.4927792"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6560\/adec3a"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40658-022-00487-7"}],"container-title":["Medical Physics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mp.70603","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/mp.70603","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mp.70603","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T14:20:30Z","timestamp":1793283630000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/mp.70603"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/mp.70603"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mp.70603","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0094-2405","2473-4209"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0094-2405","type":"print"},{"value":"2473-4209","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-03-03","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-06","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-21","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70603"}}